Copyright: Copyright©1995 Sausage Software


Contents
Welcome to HotDog, the easy and powerful way to create pages for the World Wide Web.

This help file is divided into the following sections:

HotDog

Introduction to HotDog

HotDog Features

HotDog Menus

Contacting Sausage Software

Pricing and Ordering Information

Differences Between HotDog Standard and Professional

What's New In V2?

Frequently Asked Questions

Web Hosting

Why Use A Hosting Service?

AnaServe Web Hosting Contract

HTML

Introduction to HTML

HTML Tutorials

HTML Reference

General

How to use the Windows Help System

Credits and Copyrights


 Build Button

This lets you create an Internet address for a hypertext link. The link screen is the same one shown if you choose Jump to a Document on Another System from the Insert menu.


 Browse Button

This lets you choose the file graphically, instead of typing its name.


en

an en is a publishing unit, equivalent to half a font point size.


drag

to drag something, click on it with the left mouse button, and keep the button pressed down. If the item you clicked on can be dragged, a picture will appear when you move the mouse. Move this picture to another object and let go of the mouse button; this is called "dropping". In HotDog, items from the Tags List, Character Codes List, and File Manager can be dragged and dropped into your documents.


Clipboard

The Clipboard lets you store text in the computer's memory, and retrieve it into different documents, and different programs. It works in much the same way as the "memory" button on a calculator. The standard Windows clipboard only remembers the last thing it contained; other versions of Windows have more sophisticated Clipboard tools.


cell

one section of a table - the text at a specific row and a specific column.


Introduction to HotDog

The HotDog Web Editor helps you design pages for the World Wide Web (WWW). Web pages are written in HyperText Markup Language (HTML), a text-based language. Browsers like Netscape and Mosaic read the HTML files, and display them on the screen. The difference between an HTML document and a word processing document is that the same HTML document can be read on many different computer platforms, for example PC, Macintosh and UNIX.

HotDog is a stand-alone program. This means that it doesn't need an expensive word processing program to run. It also means that you can deal with your HTML documents directly, instead of having to "pretend" that they're standard word processor documents.

HotDog offers many ways to making creating HTML documents easier. If you are an experienced HTML author, you can type all the formatting tags directly, or select them from menus and pop-up lists. If you are new to HTML, HotDog has screens to let you insert images, formatting, and hypertext links into your document without having to learn the HTML language.

See also

HTML Overview

HotDog Features

System Requirements

Contacting Sausage Software

Price and Ordering Information

Differences Between HotDog Standard and HotDog Professional


Contacting Sausage Software

The preferred source of information about the HotDog Web Editor is our Web site:

http://www.sausage.com

Here you can download updates and bug fixes to HotDog, follow links to a large number of HTML resources on the Web, and subscribe to our mailing lists.

Extending Your Evaluation Period

If you have a time-limited demonstration copy of HotDog, and you need more time to evaluate it, you can extend your evaluation period by sending e-mail to evaluation@sausage.com.au

You will receive a serial number that will extend the time limit.

Technical Support

Technical support for HotDog is available by e-mail to registered users only. The e-mail address to write to is:

support@sausage.com

If you would like to upgrade to a newer version of HotDog, or upgrade to HotDog Professional, please e-mail:

sales@sausage.com

Fax and Snail Mail

We can also be contacted by fax:    +61  3  9816 3922

or by post:	Sausage Software

1st Floor, 10 Stutt Avenue

Doncaster VIC 3108

AUSTRALIA

See also

Registering HotDog


System Requirements

We recommend a 486 with 4 Mb RAM as the minimum system for running HotDog. It will run on a less powerful system (it's been used successfully on several low-powered 386 systems), but will be more "dog" than "hot"!

HotDog needs approximately 2 Mb of disk space.

You will also need a suitable browser for viewing your HTML, for example Netscape or one of the Mosaics. If you do not have a browser, please download one from our Web site.

HotDog requires enhanced mode Windows to run. It has so far been run successfully on these platforms:

Windows for Workgroups 3.11

Windows 3.1

Windows NT 3.5 (Build 807) - Intel

Windows NT Server 3.51 - Intel

Windows 95 beta

OS/2 Warp (Windows edition)

If you manage to run HotDog in another environment (e.g. SoftWindows, NT on an Alpha) please let us know.


HotDog Professional

The Professional edition of the HotDog Web Editor offers you everything that the Standard one does, plus:

Unlimited file size - HotDog Standard can't handle files larger than 32k. In HotDog Pro, you can use files as large as your available memory will allow. Please note: some functions may not work correctly in files larger than 2 MB.

Rover - the Real-time Output ViewER - see what your web page will look like, while youre working on it

Auto-Upload upload the current document or an entire web site to the Internet, with a single mouse click

Colored Tags - for instant identification of standard and non-standard tags

Background Reality Checker - the easiest way we could think of to let you pick backgrounds and text colors for your web pages.

HTML Converter - automatically convert your existing text files into HTML documents

Syntax Checker - let HotDog examine your pages for common problems and mistakes

Web Projects - open and save multiple files with a single mouse click.

Customizable Button Bars - assign your own icons and functions

Customizable Shortcut Keys - assign any command to any key combination

Customizable Tags - create your own beginning and end tags, or modify the existing ones

Spelling Checker - with several different language modules available

Templates - create new documents from an unlimited number of custom templates

Embedded Fields - set fields that are updated when you create, save, or publish documents. These fields can prompt the user for information, read it from a file, or automatically calculate internal functions like date and time, the HotDog version, the user name, and so on.

Multi-level Undo - you can undo up to 99 previous actions.

See also

HotDog Standard Features

Price and Ordering Information

Contacting Sausage Software


Introduction to HTML

HyperText Markup Language is a way of adding various attributes to plain text files which are published on the World Wide Web. HTML lets you mix graphics with text, change the appearance of text, and create hypertext documents which interact with the user.

HTML is based around the concept of "tags". A tag looks like this: <B>. Most HTML functions have an opening and closing tag - the tag applies to all text in between. For example, <B> is the tag for "bold". Any text between a <B> and a </B> will be displayed in bold type when the document is viewed by the appropriate browser. So <B>hello world</B> would be displayed as hello world.

HotDog will let you type these tags directly into your document, or to apply them using a combination of toolbars, dialog, menus, and pop-up lists. To put the text in the above example in italics, you could type hello world in your document, highlight it with the mouse, then press the Italics button on the Elements Bar. HotDog would automatically translate this to <I>hello world</I>.

The HTML language has a number of different "flavors", or specifications. Most browsers today support the HTML 2 specification, although at the time of writing this has not yet been finalized by the appropriate Standards Committees. The Netscape Navigator implements its own extensions to HTML 2. These are not supported by all browsers; if you use them then not everyone will be able to read your pages.

HTML 3 is the next generation of the HTML language. At the time of writing, it is still a draft proposal and (if HTML 2 is anything to go by) a long way from being finalized. There are only a few browsers that fully support it, and these have all been developed purely as HTML 3 test tools. Don't be surprised if they're not as powerful or flexible as some of the commercial offerings.

HotDog supports both HTML 2+ and HTML 3, as well as other Netscape and Microsoft extensions to HTML.

One of the key strengths of HTML is that a document conforming to the HTML standard can be understood no matter what sort of software or computer the reader has. For example, the same page can be interpreted by someone using Netscape in Windows, someone using Lynx on UNIX, or even a blind person using special software.

There is much debate on the Internet about what constitutes "good" HTML. The original intention of HTML was to create a universal way of storing and viewing information. The subscribers to this theory see HTML as a content-based language - what's in the document is much more important than how it looks.

New features added to HTML, especially those supported by the Netscape browser, allow authors to create fancy graphical effects. This has spawned a whole new class of HTML "artists", for whom creating aesthetically pleasing pages is the main concern. Unfortunately, if you're using a text-based browser or one that doesn't support some of the special tricks involved in these pages, they won't display properly - or at all.

The first group maintain that standards are there to be followed, and deviations from the standards simply to make pages look pretty are unacceptable. The second group believe that the only way standards will advance is if they're broken, sort of like George Bernard Shaw's idea that "all progress depends on the unreasonable man".

We've tried to stay out of this debate with HotDog. You can use HotDog to write "standard" HTML, or to implement Netscape and HTML 3 extensions; we're not going to stop you from either. In much the same way that a chainsaw can be used to chop wood, or as an instrument of destruction in B-grade movies, the choice to use HotDog's power for "good" or "evil" is yours and yours alone!

It is worth noting that the best HTML authors manage to create attractive and innovative Web sites that display well on all browsers. This obviously takes more work; it's up to you to decide if you're prepared to put this effort in for the benefit of all Internet users.

See also

HTML Tutorials

HTML Reference


Creating an HTML Document

This tutorial will take you through creating your first HTML document. We'll create a simple personal home page.

1. Start HotDog. You will see the default editing template, which looks like this:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.0//EN" "html.dtd">

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE> type_Document_Title_here </TITLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

</BODY>

</HTML>

2. The first step we recommend is saving your work. This will put the file name on the documents bar at the end of the screen, and make it easier for HotDog's autosave feature to recover files.

To save your file, choose Save from the File Menu, or click the [image] button on the Elements Bar.

Enter a name for the file. HotDog does not yet support long file names.

3. All HTML documents must have a title. You can type this directly into your document, where it says  type_Document_Title_here, or you can specify it from the Format Document screen.

To give your document a title, choose Document from the Format Menu.

Enter the title in the box provided. The document title will appear in the caption bar of most browsers when your document is viewed; it will not otherwise be visible to users.

You can enter any text you like for the document title.

4. The content of your document must come after the <BODY> tag. Everything before the <BODY> is information that describes your document to Web Browser and Server software.

To enter information in your document that is visible to the user, position the cursor between the <BODY> opening tag and the </BODY> closing tag.

5. It often pays to give your document a heading that will be visible to the user. In most cases, this will be the same as or similar to the document title.

To create a heading for your document, just type the text you want for the heading. Then highlight it with the mouse, and click one of the buttons on the Elements Bar marked H1 through H6.

H1 is the largest size heading, which you would normally use at the start of a document. H6 is very small. Click the H1 button now.

6. We'll divide our document into two sections: Who Am I?, and Hobbies and Interests. Each of these sections will need its own heading. Let's do Who Am I first.

Type the text: Who Am I? into your document. As with step 5, highlight the text. This time, instead of using the H1 button, we'll use the next size down. Click the H2 button

7. Now we need to enter some information into the document. A paragraph about who you are and what you do is probably enough.

To create a Paragraph, click the [image] button on the Elements Bar. This will insert a <P> tag.

Next type the paragraph. It will probably make things clearer for you if you get in the habit of putting a </P> closing tag at the end of each paragraph, but this is not currently required.

8. At this stage, you should have a document containing two headings, and a paragraph of text. Now is probably a good time to take a look at how this will actually be displayed on the World Wide Web.

To preview your work, click the Preview button on the Button Bar or choose Preview Document from the File Menu.

If this is the first time you've used HotDog, you will need to tell it where to find your browser. If you don't have a browser, you will need to download one from our web site.

Select the browser from the file dialog, then click OK. HotDog will start your browser and display a copy of your document. Notice the difference in size between the H1 and H2 text.

To return to your document, just minimize your browser. HotDog will interact with it, so you don't have to start a new copy of your browser every time.

9. Follow steps 6-8 again to create another paragraph for your Hobbies and Interests.

10. By now, you should have a document containing two paragraphs of text, each with its own heading. Let's provide a visual clue to the user to separate these two paragraphs further.

Position the cursor before the <H2> tag that starts the heading for the second paragraph.

Choose Horizontal Line from the Insert Menu, or click the [image] button on the Elements Bar. This will insert an <HR> tag at the cursor position.

Preview your document again. There should be a recessed horizontal line dividing the two paragraphs.

11. Save your work again. You have created a basic HTML document!

Further Tutorials

Adding Hypertext Links

Adding Pictures


HotDog Menus

File Menu

Edit Menu

View Menu

Insert Menu

Tags Menu

Format Menu

Tools Menu

Window Menu

Help Menu


File Menu

New

Open

Save

Save As

Save All

Close

Preview Document

Publish Document

Print

Print Preview

Print Setup

Open Project

Save Project

Report On Project

Exit


File: New
New

Menu: File Menu

Opens a new window for editing. The new document will be referred to as "Untitled" in the Documents Bar.

HotDog Standard can't handle files bigger than 32k. If you need to edit large files, you should upgrade to HotDog Professional.

See also

File Menu


File: Open
Open

Menu: File Menu

Open an existing file for editing. The file will appear in its own window, and its name will be listed on the Document Bar at the bottom of the screen.

HotDog will automatically detect UNIX text files. These will be converted to normal text for editing, then converted back to UNIX when they are saved. If you want to permanently convert a UNIX file into a Windows text file, use the Save As command in the file menu and choose a non-UNIX type (for example HTML file or Text file).

HotDog Standard can't handle files bigger than 32k. If you need to edit large files, you should upgrade to HotDog Professional.

See also

File Menu


File: Save
Save

Menu: File Menu

Saves the current document. If you have not saved this file before, this option has the same effect as choosing Save As from the File menu.

When you leave HotDog, you will be asked if you want to save changes to any documents that have not been saved since the last alteration. Documents that have not changed are indicated on the Documents Bar with the [image] icon. Unsaved documents are marked with a

If you want to save an existing document under a new name, choose Save As from the File menu.

When you save a document, the Most Recent Files list in the File menu will be updated.

HotDog automatically recognizes UNIX text files. These will be converted to normal text for editing, then converted back to UNIX when they are saved. If you want to permanently convert a UNIX file into a Windows text file, use the Save As command in the file menu and choose a non-UNIX type (for example HTML file or Text file).

HotDog Standard can't handle files bigger than 32k. If you need to edit large files, you should upgrade to HotDog Professional.

See also

File Menu


File: Save As
Save As

Menu: File Menu

Saves the current document with a new name. This can also be used to convert Windows text files to UNIX text, or UNIX text files to Windows text. Choose one of the UNIX options in the List Files Of Type box to change Windows to UNIX. To convert the other way, choose any option but a UNIX one.

HotDog Standard can't handle files bigger than 32k. If you need to edit large files, you should upgrade to HotDog Professional.

See also

File: Save


File: Preview Document
Preview Document

Menu: File Menu

This option launches the default Browser so you can see what your document will look like to a user.

If you have not told HotDog where to find your Browser, you will be asked to locate it. Choose the appropriate program file, for example C:\NETSCAPE \NETSCAPE .EXE.

You can change the default Browser at any time from the File Locations section of the Options screen.

It is a good idea to test your document with as many different browsers as possible. HotDog provides an option  to let you select which browser you want to use every time you preview.

See also

Choose Browser Screen

General Options


File: Publish Document
Publish Document

Menu: File Menu

This option will format the current document, ready for uploading to the Internet. It will have exactly the same effect as saving the document, unless you have set Publishing Options. The publishing options let you do things like keep final documents in a separate directory, convert DOS file names like hotdog\readme.txt into UNIX file names like hotdog/readme.txt, and replace text with "aliases".

See also

Publishing Options


File: Print
Print

Menu: File Menu

Prints the current document to the default printer.

See also

Print Preview

Print Setup


File: Print Preview
Print Preview

Menu: File Menu

Displays the current document, as it would look if it was printed.

To print the document from the Print Preview screen, just click the Print button.

See also

Print

Print Setup


File: Close
Close

Menu: File Menu

Closes the current document. If the document has been changed since the last time it was saved, you will be asked if you want to save the changes. Documents that have not changed are indicated on the Documents Bar with the [image] icon. Unsaved documents are marked with a

See also

Save

Save As


File: Exit
Exit

Menu: File Menu

Leaves HotDog. If any documents have been changed since the last time they were saved, you will be asked if you want to save the changes. Documents that have not changed are indicated on the Documents Bar with the [image] icon. Unsaved documents are marked with a

HotDog will save the size and position of the main window, Tags List, and Character Codes List when you leave.

If you set the Restore Last Session option, HotDog will also save the size and positions of all currently open documents. Next time you start HotDog, these will be restored.

See also

File Menu


Edit Menu

Undo

Cut

Copy

Paste

Append

Find

Replace

Tag Information

Select All


Edit: Undo
Undo

Menu: Edit Menu

Reverses the last action. For example, if you accidentally deleted some text, you could use Undo to get it back.


Edit: Cut
Cut

Menu: Edit Menu

This removes highlighted text from your document and puts it in the Clipboard . The text may then be pasted from the Clipboard.

See also

Copy

Paste

Append


Edit: Copy
Copy

Menu: Edit Menu

This takes a copy of highlighted text in your document and puts it in the Clipboard . The text may then be pasted from the Clipboard.

See also

Copy

Paste

Append


Edit: Paste
Paste

Menu: Edit Menu

This inserts the contents of the Clipboard in your document. The information remains in the clipboard, so you can use Paste to insert the same information repeatedly.

See also

Cut

Copy

Append


Edit: Append
Append (HotDog Standard only)

Menu: Edit Menu

This takes a copy of highlighted text in your document and adds it on the end of any text already in the Clipboard . The text may then be pasted from the Clipboard.

Append is different from Copy because Copy will replace whatever is in the Clipboard already.

See also

Cut

Copy

Paste


Edit: Find
Find

Menu: Edit Menu

This command lets you search for text in your documents.

Find

The text you want to search for.

Case Sensitive

If this option is enabled then a search for the will find the but not The

Match Whole World Only

If this option is enabled then a search for the will find the but not then

Search All Documents

This will search all open documents, instead of just the current one.

Find Next

This will find the next match for the specified text, starting from the current cursor position.

See also

Multi-File Find and Replace (Pro version only)


Edit: Replace
Replace

Menu: Edit Menu

This command lets you search for text in your documents, and replace it with something else.

Find

The text you want to search for.

Replace With

HotDog will replace any text that matches the Find criteria with the text entered here. If this box is blank, HotDog will delete any text that it Finds.

Case Sensitive

If this option is enabled then a search for the will find the but not The

Match Whole World Only

If this option is enabled then a search for the will find the but not then

Search All Documents

This will search and replace text in all open documents, instead of just the current one. You will not be able to undo this replacement.

Replace All

When you click this button, HotDog will replace all the occurences of the text it finds in your document.

See also

Multi-File Find and Replace (Pro version only)


Edit: Tag Information
Edit Tag Information (Pro Version Only)

Menu: Edit Menu

HotDog lets you customize tags inserted through the Tags Menu or the Tags List. From the Edit menu, choose Tag Information. This will load the Edit Tag Information screen, which lets you move tags between menus, change their descriptions, create custom tags, and specify the HTML codes and text each tag inserts.

Changes to the Tags menu will not be made until you click the OK button to close the Edit Tag Information screen.

Edit Tag Information screen

Menu

This determines which section of the Tags menu the tag will belong to. To move a tag to a different menu, drag the tag description onto the new menu.

Tag Description

The description of the tag appears as a menu item in the Tags menu, and a list item in the Tags list. To change the description, click on it and type a new one.

Beginning Markup

This is the HTML text that will be inserted before the cursor and/or any selected text. This does not have to be HTML code - it can contain any text you like.

Ending Markup

This is the HTML text that will be inserted after the cursor and/or any selected text. This does not have to be HTML code - it can contain any text you like.

Add New Tag

Adds a new tag to whatever menu is selected in the Menu list.

Delete Tag

Deletes the tag that is currently selected in the Tag Description list.

Type

Lets you assign the tag to a particular group. HotDog ships with tags grouped into either standard tags, Netscape Extensions, or Microsoft Extensions. You can create your own groups by


View Menu

Button Bar

Elements Bar

Documents Bar

Status Bar

Tags

Special Characters

HotDog File Manager


Button Bar

Menu: View Menu

The Button Bar provides fast access to commonly-used HotDog functions. For more information about what a particular button does, hold the mouse pointer over it for a few seconds and a brief description of the button will appear on the screen.

If you don't want to see the Button bar, it can be hidden from the View menu.

See also

Elements Bar

Documents Bar

Status Bar


Elements Bar

Menu: View Menu

The Elements Bar provides fast access to commonly-used HotDog functions and tags. For more information about what a particular button on the Elements Bar does, hold the mouse pointer over it for a few seconds and a brief description of the button will appear on the screen.

If you don't want to see the Elements bar, it can be hidden from the View menu.

See also

Button Bar

Documents Bar

Status Bar


Documents Bar

Menu: View Menu

The Documents Bar provides a convenient way to switch between the documents you are currently editing, and to check at a glance if you have saved your work.

To switch to another document, click the tab containing its name. This has the same effect as choosing the document name from the Window List.

Documents that have not changed since the last time they were saved are indicated with the [image] icon next to their name. Unsaved documents are marked with a

If you don't want to see the Documents bar, it can be hidden from the View menu.

See also

Button Bar

Elements Bar

Status Bar


Status Bar

Menu: View Menu

HotDog uses the Status bar at the bottom of the screen to tell you what it is doing. For example, when you first start HotDog, it will tell you when it loads the Tags and Character lists into memory.

If you don't want to see the Status bar, it can be hidden from the View menu.

If you disable the ToolTips option, HotDog will show information about any toolbar button the mouse pointer is over in the Status bar.

See also

Button Bar

Elements Bar

Documents Bar


Tags List

Menu: View Menu

The Tags List provides an easy way to insert any tag or attribute into your document. Just select the tag from the list, and double-click on it with the left mouse button, or drag it into your document.

If you have selected some text in your document, the tag will be applied to this text. For example if you have selected the word HotDog, and you double-click the Blinking tag, the selection will be replaced with <BLINK>HotDog</BLINK>

Note that the contents of the Tags List and the Tags Menu are identical.

See also

Tags Menu

Customizing Tags (Pro version)


Character Codes List
Special Character Codes List

Menu: View Menu

This provides easy access to non-English characters, like accents and symbols. To insert a character code in your document, choose it in the list and double-click on it with the left mouse button, or drag it onto your text.

The character codes list can be seen by choosing Special Characters from the Insert menu or clicking the Charset button in the button bar.

See also

Convert Extended Characters while typing Option

Translate Extended Characters when publishing Option


HotDog File Manager

Menu: View Menu

The HotDog File Manager provides an easy way to insert local hypertext links, images, and pre-formatted text into your document. Choose the file you want to insert from the File Manager, then drag it into your document. If HotDog cannot determine whether the file is a hypertext link, image, or text file, you will be asked to choose the type from a list.

The HotDog File Manager will stay on screen until you click OK or Cancel.

To delete a file in the HotDog File Manager, click on it then press the Delete key on your keyboard. You will be asked to confirm that you want to delete this file.

HotDog can also accept files dragged from the Windows File Manager. If you drag multiple files from the Windows File Manager, they will all be inserted.


Insert Menu

Image

Image (Advanced)

Embedded Item

Form Elements

Hypertext Targets

Tables

Lists

Horizontal Line

Insert Text File

Special

Insert Simple URL

Jump to a Document in This System

Jump to a Document on Another System

Jump Within This Document

Launch an Internet Service


Image Dialog

Menu: Insert Menu

This screen provides a simple and convenient way to create in-line images. For more control over how the image is displayed, use the Image (Advanced) option from the Insert menu.

Images can be used to take the user to another document when they are clicked. If you want the image to work this way, choose a document in the Document To Launch field. If you want to create an image that does nothing when clicked, all you need to do is choose the image file.

Fields

Image File

This will usually be in GIF format, but newer browsers also support the JPG format. The image file can be in the same directory as the current document (for example apicture.gif), in a relative directory (for example, pictures/apicture.gif), or any valid Internet address (such as HTTP://WWW.ASITE.COM/PUB/GRAPHICS/apicture.gif).

Document to Launch

If you want to use the image as a hypertext link, specify the document to go to here. Note that images can launch CGI scripts, files to download, or other internet items.

Text Label

This is the description of the hypertext link. The user can link on either the image or the text, and they will be taken to the same document.

See also

Image (Advanced)

Hypertext Links


Image (Advanced)
Advanced Image Dialog

Menu: Insert Menu

This screen lets you specify all properties for an image <IMG> or a figure <FIG>. The information in this topic will refer to images, but applies equally to figures.

The Advanced Image screen can be accessed by choosing Image(Advanced) from the Insert menu. For simple images, you might want to use the standard Image screen instead.

Fields

Insert As

Specifies whether the picture will be created as an Image or a Figure. Figures should be used for large pictures.

Image Map

Specifies that the picture is a clickable image map. For example, you could create a picture of an office. Clicking on the bookshelf might take the user to a library; the computer screen might go to a computer-related page or a telnet session; the telephone might provide information about contacting the authors.

Source File

The image file. This will usually be in GIF format, but newer browsers also support the JPG format. The image file can be in the same directory as the current document (for example apicture.gif), in a relative directory (for example, pictures/apicture.gif), or any valid Internet address (such as HTTP://WWW.ASITE.COM/PUB/GRAPHICS/apicture.gif).

Low Resolution Source File

Some browsers support an alternate, low-resolution file. The low resolution file is displayed initially, then the high-resolution file is gradually painted over the top of it. This means that users on slow connections can see the basic image quickly, or wait and see the full image.

Alternate Description

Text-only browsers will not be able to see your graphics. This field lets you provide a brief description of the picture for these people, so its meaning is not lost.

Width, Height

The width and Height of the image. By default, this is specified in pixels. You can change this to en by typing UNITS="en" in the tag. Most browsers that support this tag will resize images to fit these attributes. Specifying width and height can speed image display (since the browser doesn't have to determine them itself).

Distance From Text

Lets you specify the horizontal (left-right) and vertical (up-down) space between the image and any text that flows around it. This prevents text from appearing right against the image.

Border Width

Specifies the width of the border around the image. If Border Width is 0 the image will not have a border. This may make it difficult for the user to determine if the image is clickable or not.

Alignment

Sets the way the image is aligned against text on the same line.

See also

Image Dialog


Embedded Item
Embedded Items

Menu: Insert Menu

Embedded items can be viewed by users who have a suitable application set up on their computer. For example, you could embed an Excel spreadsheet, and any user with Excel would be able to view it (of course, it's probably meaningless to any user that doesn't have Excel). The user views the spreadsheet by double-clicking it. This works in the same way that OLE objects do in Windows.

At the moment, embedded items can only be viewed by Windows users.

To create an Embedded Item in HotDog, choose Embedded Item from the Insert menu, or click the Embed button on the button bar.

See also

Insert Menu


Form Elements
Form Elements Dialog

Menu: Insert Menu

Forms let users send information to you or your server. For example, you might use a form to let users subscribe to a mailing list. They would enter their name and e-mail address, then click a button to send the form to you. The form could be linked to a program which automatically adds their name to your mailing list.

Forms run programs, or scripts, through the Common Gateway Interface (CGI). CGI lets forms be processed by programs written in just about any language, although the most common languages used on the Internet for CGI are probably Perl and C.

Forms can also be used to send mail to someone. This can be useful if you don't know anything about CGI programming: the form can mail the information directly to your account. Information sent this way is not formatted, but can still be understood.

To create a form in HotDog, choose Form Element from the Insert menu.

You will be asked to choose what sort of form element you want to create. If this is the first form element in your document, when you choose OK you will be taken to the Form Details screen.

The Forms screen will remain visible when you press OK. This is so that you can create a form with multiple elements without having to reload the screen each time.

Form Elements

The HTML 3 specification supports the following form elements:

Text Box

Text Area

Submit Button

Reset Button

Check Box

Radio Button

Password Box

Hidden Box

Image

List Box

See Also

Form Details screen.

Insert Menu


Form Details

Screen: Define Form Elements

This specifies attributes for the entire form.

Method

This may be either GET or POST. This depends on what you want to do with the form, and the setup of your server.

URL to Send Data to (Action)

The ACTION attribute is the URL that will process the form data. Generally, this will be a CGI program, but can be any valid Internet resource. For example, you could use mailto:sales@sausage.com as your Action URL.

MIME Content Type

Specifies the MIME encoding for the form. This will vary depending on what the form does and how it works. The MIME Content Type is not required.

URL for Script (HTML 3)

This lets you specify the URI for scripts that will be downloaded to the user's machine and processed locally.

See also

Form Elements


Text Box

Screen: Define Form Elements

This is a single-line area where the user can type text. For example, you would use this to let readers enter their name or e-mail address.

See also

Form Elements


Text Area

Screen: Define Form Elements

This is a multi-line area of text, usually used to enter brief messages. You can specify the number of rows and columns in the Text Area.

See also

Form Elements


Submit Button

Screen: Define Form Elements

When this button is clicked, the data in the form will be send to the URL specified in the Form Details screen.

See also

Form Elements


Reset Button

Screen: Define Form Elements

When this button is clicked, all the choices the user has made and text they have entered will be cleared. The form will look exactly as it did when the user first entered the page.

See also

Form Elements


Radio Button

Screen: Define Form Elements

This provides a "radio" or "option" button for the user to choose from a list of options.

The difference between a radio button and a check box is that when the radio button is clicked, all the other radio buttons in its group will be cleared. You can click several check boxes in a group without affecting any of the others.

See also

Form Elements


Check Box

Screen: Define Form Elements

This provides a square box for the user to click. If they select the corresponding option by clicking on the Check box, the box will appear with a X in it.

The difference between a radio button and a check box is that when the radio button is clicked, all the other radio buttons in its group will be cleared. You can click several check boxes in a group without affecting any of the others.

See also

Form Elements


Hidden Text

Screen: Define Form Elements

This provides a Text Box that can't be seen by the user. You might use this to store specific data about the form which you want to pass to your CGI program but don't want the user to see.

See also

Form Elements

Password Box


Password Box

Screen: Define Form Elements

This provides a Text Box that will display a special character like * each time the user presses a key. This lets them enter passwords, but prevents anyone looking at their screen from seeing what the password is.

See also

Form Elements

Hidden Text


Image (Forms)
Image

Screen: Define Form Elements

Lets you define an Image the user can click on. This image will have the same effect as the Submit Button, except that the X and Y co-ordinates of the mouse pointer when the image was clicked will also be passed to the CGI program.

See also

Form Elements

Insert Image Dialog

Advanced Image Dialog


List Box

Screen: Define Form Elements

This lets you create a list for the user to select items from. By default this list will be a combo box (also known as a pull-down menu), where the list will drop down when the user clicks the arrow at the right of the box.

You can create lists that allow the user to select more than one item.

See also

Form Elements


Hypertext Targets
Hypertext Target Dialog

Menu: Insert Menu

Hypertext Targets let you jump to specific locations within documents. You can jump to a target in the same document, or another document. Targets are most often used in long documents which are divided into several sections.

To create a hypertext target, choose Target from the Insert menu, or click the Target button on the Button Bar.

To create a link to a target in the current document, choose Jump Within This Document from the Insert menu or click the Internal button on the button bar. You can then choose the desired target from a list of all targets in the current document.

To link to a target in a different document, choose Jump to a Document in This System or Jump to a Document on Another System from the Insert menu to create the initial link. Specify the target name after the file name, with a #. For example,

<A HREF="document.htm"> links to a document on the same system.

If this document contained a target called "contents", you would use:

<A HREF="document.htm#contents">

Target Syntax

The current HTML 3 draft defines targets with the ID token. For example,

<P ID="contents"> will make a paragraph a target, with the name contents.

Previous versions of HTML used the NAME token in an Anchor. For example,

<A NAME="contents">

HotDog defaults to the first (HTML 3) method. If you prefer to use the older method, you can change the default target code from the General section of the Options screen.

See also

Insert Menu

Hypertext Links


Tables
Tables Dialog

Menu: Insert Menu

Tables are new to the HTML specification. They are supported in Netscape 's Extensions to HTML as well as HTML 3.

HotDog gives you a graphical way to create tables and fill them with information. Choose Table from the Insert menu, or click the Table button on the Button Bar. This will display the Table Dialog. You can use the Sample Table here to define how your table will look.

Once you've created a table with HotDog, you can use the Table editor to make changes to it. Just highlight everything from (and including) the <TABLE> to the </TABLE>, then click the Table button.

Table Dialog Fields

Caption

Specifies a caption for your Table.

Border

If you want a border around the edge of your table, specify the width here. If you enter 0, your table will not have a border.

Rows

Sets the number of rows in the table.

Columns

Sets the number of columns in the table.

Heading Rows

Sets the number of Heading Rows in the table. These will be shown in the Sample Table with a gray background.

Heading Columns

Sets the number of Heading Columns in the table. These will be shown in the Sample Table with a gray background.

Width

Sets the Width of the entire table. This can be an absolute value in pixels, or a relative value. HotDog treats Widths with a % symbol at the end as relative, and anything else as absolute. This attribute will not be displayed in the Sample Table.

Height

Sets the Height of the entire table. This can be an absolute value in pixels, or a relative value. HotDog treats Heights with a % symbol at the end as relative, and anything else as absolute. This attribute will not be displayed in the Sample Table.

Cell Spacing

Cell Spacing is the amount of space between each cell. This attribute will not be displayed in the Sample Table.

Cell Padding

Cell Padding is the amount of space between the border of the cell and the contents. This attribute will not be displayed in the Sample Table.

Sample Table

You can modify the Sample Table to set the width and alignment of columns. Text in columns can be aligned to the Left, the Right, or Centered. To set the alignment for a column, click on it to place the cursor there, then choose the alignment from one of the three buttons shown.

To change the width of a column, move the mouse pointer over the line at the column's edge. The cursor will change to a pair of arrows. Press the left mouse button down and move the mouse to the left or right to resize the column.

To enter data in the table, just type the information you want in each cell. When you click OK, the contents of the table will be inserted in your document.

See also

Insert Menu


Lists
List Dialog

Menu: Insert Menu

There are four list types supported in HTML:

Ordered (or Numbered) List

1. Frogs

2. Flies

3. Bees

Unordered (or Bulleted) List

 Frogs

 Flies

 Bees

Plain List

Frogs

Flies

Bees

Definition List

Frogs: green things that go "ribbit"

Flies: black things that go "bzzzzz"

Bees: black and yellow things that go "bzzzzz"

The Plain list is actually an Unordered list with no bullets.

HotDog gives you two ways to create lists (apart from typing the HTML yourself or inserting it from the Tags List or Tags Menu).

1. Type the list as plain text, then select it with the mouse and choose one of the List buttons from the Elements Bar.

  Numbered list

  Bulleted list

  Definition list

This will create the list, and format the selected text as list items <LI>

or

2. Choose List from the Insert menu. This brings up the List Dialog, which gives you more control over the list's attributes.

List Dialog Fields

List Heading

The list header. The list items will normally be indented below this. For example,

<OL>

<LH>A List</LH>

<LI>Frogs

<LI>Flies

<LI>Bees

</OL>

...would be rendered as

A List

     1.Frogs

     2.Flies

     3.Bees

Type

Applies to Bulleted and Numbered lists. Lets you change the appearance of the bullets or numbers, for example to use lower case Roman numerals (i,ii) instead of Arabic (1,2), or to use square bullets instead of round ones.

Use Image

Applies to Bulleted lists only. Lets you specify a graphics file to use for the bullets. This can be a local file (strongly recommended), or any URL . New to HTML 3 (and not supported in Netscape 1.1).

Use Icon

Applies to Bulleted lists only. This option lets you specify a standard icon, or "dingbat", to use for the bullets. Choose the icon you want from the list. It is up to the Browser to display the icon to the user, so unfortunately we can't let you choose the actual icon (since each Browser might be different!). New to HTML 3 (and not supported in Netscape 1.1N)

Compact List

Reduces the space between list items, and possible reduces the font size, to make the list more compact. The exact way this is done is up to the Browser.

Continue From Previous List

Applies to Numbered lists only. If you have several lists on the page, this will pick up the automatic numbering where the last list left off.

First Number

Applies to Numbered lists only. Lets you start the automatic numbering from a specific number, instead of from 1.

Multi-Column

Applies to Bulleted and Plain lists only. This will arrange list items down the page, then wrap to the next column (like newspaper columns). It is up to the Browser to determine how many columns are appropriate.

See also

Insert Menu


Insert: Special
Special Items

Menu: Insert Menu

HotDog lets you insert a number of special codes into your documents.

Date and Time

You can either insert the current date and time, or the publishing date and time. The latter will be updated whenever you Publish the document.

Choose the format you want to display the date and/or time in from the list provided.

File Name

The name of the current file.

HotDog Version

The version of HotDog used to create the file. This number is displayed in the About box.

Windows Version

The version of Windows used. This is returned by the operating system.

User

The person this version of HotDog is registered to. This is set when you register HotDog, and cannot be changed.

Company

The company this version of HotDog is registered to. This can be changed from the HOTDOG.INI file if you're a registered user.

See also

Insert Menu


Jump To A Document In This System

Menu: Insert Menu

This creates a Hypertext Link between the current document and another document on your computer. You can test the link between these "local" documents without being connected to the Internet.

You can create a local hypertext link by choosing Jump To A Document On This System from the Insert menu. You can also create the links by dragging files from the HotDog or Windows File Manager.

See also

Hypertext Links

Jump to a Document on Another System

Jump Within This Document

Launch an Internet Service

Simple URL dialog


Jump to a Document on Another System

Menu: Insert Menu

This creates a hypertext link between the current document and (usually) a document on another computer. You can only test these "external" links when you are connected to the Internet.

You can create an external hypertext link by choosing Jump To A Document On Another System from the Insert menu. Fill in all the required details to create the URL for the external document.

External hypertext links can also be made to other Internet elements, such as gophers, FTP servers, and news groups. HotDog provides separate dialogs for news and mail links. This makes it easier for you to keep track of all the different types of URL, by giving news and mail addresses their own drop-down lists.

See also

Hypertext Links

Simple URL Dialog

Jump to a Document in This System

Jump Within This Document


Hypertext Links

Hypertext links let you define a section of text that can be clicked by the user. When they click this text, they will go to another document, download a file, listen to a sound, or perhaps go to an Internet service like a WAIS database.

Hypertext links are defined with the <A> Anchor element. Each anchor specifies the address of the document it goes to, with the HREF property. Anchors can be images or text, or a combination of the two. For example,

image only

About HotDog	text only

  About HotDog	image and text

Documents on the same system are usually inserted as relative addresses. For example, let's say that your Internet account has the following directories:

public_html	for document files

public_html/graphics	for images

If all your documents are in public_html, you do not have to specify a URL for each one. Instead of

<A HREF="http://www.sausage.com/intro.html"> Sausage Software </A>

you can use

<A HREF="intro.html"> Sausage Software </A>

This works as long as there is a document called intro.html in the same directory as the current document.

Directories can be relative as well. For example, we could use a picture for the above hypertext link:

<A HREF="http://www.sausage.com/graphics/HotDog.gif"> Sausage Software </A>

or

<A HREF="graphics/HotDog.gif"> Sausage Software </A>

This works as long as the current directory has a sub-directory called graphics.

See also

Simple URL Dialog

Jump to a Document in This System

Jump to a Document on Another System

Jump Within This Document

Launch an Internet Service


Jump Within This Document

Menu: Insert Menu

This lets you create a Hypertext Link to a Target in the current document. Targets are most often used in long documents which are divided into several sections.

To create a link to a target in the current document, choose Jump Within This Document from the Insert menu or click the Internal button on the button bar. You can then choose the desired target from a list of all targets in the active document.

See also

Hypertext Targets

Simple URL Dialog

Jump to a Document in This System

Jump to a Document on Another System


Launch an Internet Service

Menu: Insert Menu

This lets you create a Hypertext Link to an Internet service. You might want to take the user to your favorite newsgroup, or let them send mail to you.

The dialog for this option shows a list of common Internet services. For some, like news and mail, you need to enter a specific newsgroup or mail address; for others, you will need to build the URL.

See also

Hypertext Links

Simple URL Dialog

Jump to a Document on Another System

Mail Dialog

News Dialog


Tags Menu

Use this menu to insert raw HTML tags into your document. The Tags menu has the same effect as using the Tags List to select HTML tags.

If you have selected text in the current document, HotDog will insert beginning and ending tags around the text. This lets you easily apply tags like <CENTER> over multiple elements.

If you're using HotDog Professional, the Tags Menu can be customized by choosing Tag Information from the Edit menu.

See also

HTML Overview


Interlaced Images

Interlaced images are a good way to display graphics for users with slow Internet connections (ie. modems).

An interlaced image will show a very low-resolution sample of the image initially, which will gradually become clearer. The browser can load the other information on the page while the rest of the image is loading.

To make a GIF interlaced, it has to be saved as an Interlaced GIF in the GIF/89 format. There are a number of shareware utilities available to do this, including LVIEW and POLYVIEW.


ALIGN

The Align attribute is most commonly used to position in-line images, but in HTML 3 and can be applied to most other elements.

There are a number of alignments supported:

left	Makes an image float against the left margin. Text will flow around this image.
right	Makes an image float against the right margin. Text will flow around this image.
top	Aligns the top of the image with the top of the tallest item in the line.
texttop	Aligns the top of the image with the top of the tallest text in the line.
middle	Aligns the middle of the image with the baseline of the current line.
absmiddle	Aligns the middle of the image with the middle of the current line.
baseline	Aligns the bottom of the image with the baseline of the current line.
bottom	The same as baseline.
absbottom	Aligns the bottom of the image with the bottom of the current line.

If you choose Alignment from the Format menu, HotDog will provide you with a dialog to easily see the effects of each option.

See also

Alignment


Format Menu

Document

Font

Alignment

Bold

Italics

Underline

Blinking

Big First Letter

Center


Format Font
Format Text Dialog

Menu: Format Menu

There are a number of ways to format font and other character attributes in HotDog.

Choose Font from the Format menu. This will take to you the Font formatting dialog, where you can select the attributes you desire and change the font size.

Choose Bold, Italics, Underline, Blinking from the Format menu

Click one of the formatting buttons on the Elements Bar :

 Bold

 Italics

 Underline

If you highlight text in your document before using one of the above options, the appropriate tags will be inserted at the start and end of the text, so that only the selected text is formatted.

If no text is highlighted, the start and end tags for the attributes will be inserted together.

Character Formatting Attributes

Font Size

Font sizes can be expressed either as a size relative to the base font size, or as an absolute size. Sizes range from 1 to 7; the default size is 3. For example, normal text would be rendered in the base font size (3):

HotDog is a great program

If you formatted this text with FONT SIZE=+1, it would be rendered as the base font size + 1, or size 4:

HotDog is a great program.

If you use FONT SIZE=7 (an absolute number), the font would be formatted as Size 7.

HotDog is a great program.

Bold

This formats the text in Bold type. The use of Bold is not recommended; you should use Strong instead.

Italics

Formats the text in Italics. The use of Italics is not recommended; you should use Emphasized instead.

Underline (HTML 3)

Underlines the text.

Emphasized

This provides some emphasis of the text. Emphasized should be used instead of Italics.

Strong

This provides strong emphasis of the text. Strong should be used instead of Bold.

Blinking (Netscape only)

Makes the text blink on and off when it is displayed. Some people object very strongly to blinking text on (mainly) aesthetic grounds, although it can provide useful emphasis.

Subscript (HTML 3)

Formats the text as a subscript..

Superscript (HTML 3)

Formats the text as a superscript.

Big (HTML 3)

Makes the text big.

Small (HTML 3)

Makes the text small.

See also

Big First Letter

Format Document


Format Document
Document Dialog

Menu: Format Menu

The Document dialog gives you an easy way to set document-wide attributes, like colors and background graphics.

The Document dialog is divided into three sections.

Document Information

Title

The name of the document. This will not be displayed in the document, but most browsers will display it on their caption bar. The document title is required.

Base URL Address

This provides a convenient way to record the URL of a document, in case it is read out of context (for example, if some downloads the document and reads it off-line). Relative Hypertext Links within the document will be based on this address. For example, if you use the base address of

<BASE HREF="http://www.sausage.com/index.html">

then a link like

<IMG SRC="gifs/sausage.gif>

would be translated as

<IMG SRC="http://www.sausage.com/index.html/gifs/sausage.gif>

This Document Is A Searchable Index

This generates the ISINDEX tag, indicating that this document is an index document. As well as reading it, the reader may search for keywords in it. The document can be queried with a keyword search by adding a question mark to the end of the document address, followed by a list of keywords separated by plus signs.

The ISINDEX tag would normally be generated automatically by the Web Server. If the server does not have a search engine, then this option will do nothing.

URL for Processing Queries

This provides the server with a URL to direct search queries to. This field is optional.

Text to Ask User for Keywords

Replaces the default message of "This is a searchable index. Enter search keywords:" with whatever message you like.

Graphics and Colors

Background Graphic

Specifies an image to use as a background for the document. This image will be tiled across the page, and nothing else will be visible until the browser has rendered it. For this reason, these images should be very small files, and should not be interlaced.

Banner (HTML 3)

The banner stays at the top of the page at all times - it does not scroll with the document. This is useful for logos, tool bars, and so on.

Base Font Size

The size to base all relative Font Size changes on. The default is 3. Base Font Size can range from 1 (the smallest) to 7 (the largest).

Colors

Our color sampler gives you an easy way to choose the colors for your document. Click on the item you want to change, then adjust its color with the RGB sliders, or click the RGB code button to choose the color graphically.

You can change the colors of the following elements:

 Background - the document background.

 Foreground - the document text.

 Standard Link - a hypertext link that the user has not yet followed.

 Visited Link - a hypertext link to a page the user has already been to.

 Active Link Color - a hypertext link  that is currently loading.

Links and Meta

Links to Other Documents

This lets you define relationships between this document and other documents. See the help on the LINK element for a deeper discussion of these relationships.

Meta Information

Lets you define META information about the document. This is a useful way of providing the Web Server and Browser with information not contained in any other elements.

See also

Insert Menu


Alignment
Alignment Dialog

Menu: Format Menu

In HotDog, there are a number of ways to align text and graphics on the page.

Choose Alignment from the Format menu. This will show the alignment dialog, which gives you graphical examples of each alignment option.

Choose one of the alignment buttons on the Elements Bar:

    Align Top

    Align Middle

    Align Bottom

    CENTER

See also

Format Menu


Big First Letter

Menu: Format Menu

This option provides a handy way to begin paragraphs with large letters (usually referred to as drop caps). For example:

This option provides a...

To use it, select the text you want to begin with a large letter, then choose Big First Letter from the Format menu.

HotDog provides an option for setting the default size of the first letter.

Note that this formatting will only be visible to browsers that can render the <FONT> tag.

See also

Format Font


Tools Menu

Options

Shortcut Keys (Pro version)

Customize Button Bar (Pro version)

Make Template From Document (Pro version)

Create Template Field (Pro version)

Find Duplicate Links

Remove Hypertext Links

Remove HTML Tags

Check HTML Syntax (Pro version)

Multi-File Find and Replace (Pro version)

Spell Check (Pro version)

Real-time Output Viewer

HTML Converter


HotDog Options
Options

Menu: Tools Menu

The Options screen gives you a great deal of control over how HotDog works. There are six sections:

General

Editing

Publishing

Display

File Locations

Saving/Starting

Color

Dictionary


General Options

Screen: Options

Show ToolTips when mouse is over a button

When you hold the mouse pointer over a button on one of the toolbars for a few seconds, a yellow window will pop up with a brief description of what the control does. Check this box to disable this feature. If ToolTips are disabled, the information will appear on the Status Bar instead.

Use Strong and Emphasis, not Bold and Italics

<STRONG> and <EM> are the preferred HTML alternatives to <B> and <I>. If this option is checked, HotDog will automatically insert these tags for you when you choose Bold or Italics from the Format Menu or the Elements Bar.

Choose Browser before each Preview

If this option is checked, every time you choose Preview, HotDog will display a dialog to let you choose the browser you want to use. If it's not checked, HotDog will always use the default browser.

Publish Files for Previews

This option lets you Publish your files before previewing them. This has the advantage of always displaying the document as it will look when published, but some of the Publishing Options you use might not work properly for locally-viewed documents.

Always Use Absolute file references

Normally when you insert a file, HotDog tries to make its location relative to the current document. For example, if you're working on a document saved in the C:\HTML directory, and you insert an image from the directory C:\HTML\GRAPHICS, HotDog will create the hypertext link as HREF="graphics\animage.gif". If this option was enabled, then HotDog would insert the full path name, e.g. HREF="c:\html\graphics\animage.gif".

Always use Current Directory in File Dialogs

When HotDog shows a dialog for open, saving, or inserting files, it normally defaults to an appropriate directory as set in the File Locations options. For example, the documents directory for HTML files or the Graphics directory for images. If you have files spread all over your computer this behaviour may become annoying. The Always Use Current Directory option will open the file dialogs to the current directory (normally the last directory they were in).

Insert <P> on Elements Bar as a Container

The HTML draft suggests that the paragraph tag <P> is used as a container. However, this is not required by any current browsers. If you check this option, when you select the Paragraph button on the Button Bar, HotDog will insert the </P> closing tag as well as the <P>.

Insert Text as Pre-formatted <PRE>

By default, HotDog Inserts Text Files as Pre-formatted text, using the <PRE> tag. Most browsers will display this in a monospaced font like Courier.

If you want to insert text files as a normal part of your document, you can disable this option to save you from removing the <PRE> tags manually.

Use a Fixed Name for Temp Files

This option is only required if you are having problems with the way documents are displayed in your browser when you Preview your documents.

HotDog communicates with browsers using DDE. When you choose Preview, HotDog will take a copy of the current document and instruct your browser to display it. By default, HotDog uses a unique file name for each copy, which forces the browser to load the document.

If your browser does not support SDI standard DDE commands, then HotDog will start a new copy of the browser each time you choose preview. This can quickly eat up resources and slow down your system. To prevent this from happening, turn this option on. HotDog will start your browser the first time you choose Preview; after that, you will need to switch to your browser (for example by using ALT+TAB), and Reload the document (see your browser's documentation for instructions on how to do this).

Drag & Drop from File Mngr opens file(s)

If this option is enabled, you will be able to drag files from the Windows File Manager or a similar program, and drop them somewhere in the HotDog window. HotDog will then open all the files that you dropped. Disabling this option may improve performance on slower machines. Note that if this option is disabled, you can still drag and drop files from the HotDog File Manager.

Target Identifier

The current HTML 3 draft defines targets with the ID token. For example,

<P ID="contents"> will make a paragraph a target, with the name contents.

Previous versions of HTML used the NAME token in an anchor. For example, <A NAME="contents">

HotDog defaults to the first (HTML 3) method. If you prefer to use the older method, you can change the default target code in this box.

Big First Letter Size

This lets you set the size for the Big First Letter (drop caps) option. Sizes can be either relative (for example, +2) or absolute (for example, 5). Note that you can set a size smaller than the default font size, in effect giving you a "small first letter" option. We have no idea why anyone might want to do that, but who knows? If you find a use for it please let us know.

See also

Editing Options

Publishing Options

Display Options

File Locations

Saving/Starting Options

Color Options

Dictionary Options


Display Options

Screen: Options

These options give you some degree of control over HotDog's display.

3D Windows

If this option is checked, HotDog will use the Windows 95-style windows instead of the more traditional Windows 3.1 style. This option is not available in Windows 95 (because there wouldn't be any point!)

Rounded Tabs

This option lets you toggle between the Windows 95-style straight tabs on the document bar and in dialogs, and a more rounded look.

Fast Draw

Checking this option may reduce flickering when displaying screens and dialog boxes, but HotDog will use more of your system resources.

Word Wrap

Turn this option off if you have very long lines in your document, and you do not want HotDog to reformat them to fit in the screen. This option will have no effect on your HTML file; it is just provided to help you edit documents. If you want to prevent word wrap in your HTML documents, use the <PRE> tag.

Icons And Text

Shows both pictures and descriptions on the Button Bar

Icons Only

Shows only pictures on the Button Bar (the buttons will be smaller)

Text Only

Shows only descriptions on the Button Bar (the buttons will be smaller).

See also

General Options

Editing Options

Publishing Options

File Locations

Saving/Starting Options

Color Options

Dictionary Options


3D Windows

 Close Button

Closes the current screen. This is the same as choosing Close from the File Menu.

 Minimize Button

Reduces the current window to an icon.

 Maximize Button

Increases the size of the current window to take up as much of the screen as possible.

 Help Button

Provides context-sensitive help about the current screen.


Publishing Options

Screen: Options

These options let you make some automatic changes to your documents when you Publish them.

Remove All Carriage Returns

A Carriage Return/Line Feed is generated whenever you press Enter. Carriage Returns are useful for laying out your source document, but when it gets on the Internet it may cause problems with some browsers. You should use Line Breaks <BR> or Paragraphs <P> instead. This option will remove all Carriage Returns entirely.

Publish as UNIX Text File

This will convert all Windows text files to UNIX ones when publishing. Windows and DOS text files use the Carriage Return/Line Feed combination (CRLF) at the end of each line; UNIX files only use Line Feeds (LF).

Convert Extended Characters to HTML Codes

This option will automatically translate extended characters like acutes and umlauts into the appropriate HTML code (for example, &euml;). HotDog can also translate all extended characters automatically while you're typing. Note that HotDog will not replace ampersands (&) with &amp;. This is to allow you to specify extended characters manually.

Replace \ With / in File Names

This will convert Windows file references for use on UNIX systems. For example, HREF="graphics\animage.gif" would be replaced with HREF="graphics/animage.gif"

Extension For Published Documents

HotDog will save published documents to the Publish directory, as specified in File Locations. By default, HotDog renames these documents with the extension .PUB. This is to remind you to rename them as .HTML when you upload them to the Internet. If you do not like this behaviour, you can enter any valid DOS extension in this box.

Replace Words During Publishing

HotDogs Replace Text List (see below) is a very useful feature, but there are times when you do not want to scan the entire document for text to replace. This option lets you disable and re-enable the Replace Text List without deleting all the items in the list.

The Replace Text List

When publishing, HotDog will replace any text listed in the Replace column with the appropriate entry in the With column. For example, you can replace {home} with http://www.sausage.com, or .htm with .html.

Because this only gets changed when a document is published, you can use this feature to design site- and directory-independent documents. For example, instead of referring to your copyright page as HREF="/home/web/copyright.html" in all of your other pages, you can use something like [copyright page]. If the name or directory of your home page changes, you only need to change the entry on this screen, rather than in every single document.

The replace process is case sensitive. There is no limit to how many entries you can have, but HotDog will take longer to publish documents if you have a very large number.

See also

General Options

Editing Options

Display Options

File Locations

Saving/Starting Options

Color OptionsColor

Dictionary Options


File Locations

Screen: Options

This screen lets you tell HotDog where to look for files.

Preview Browser

The default browser. This will be loaded when you choose Preview Document from the File Menu or click the Preview button on the Button Bar.

When you set the default browser, HotDog will change the icon on the Preview button to the browser's icon. This lets you quickly see which browser is the default.

If you want to test your document with a number of browsers (always a very good idea), you can set the Choose Browser before each Preview option.

Documents

The location of your HTML documents.

Published Files

The directory to store published files, ready for uploading to the Internet.

Graphics Files

The location of your image files.

AutoSave Files

The directory to store automatically-saved files in.

.INF Files

INF files are used by HotDog for configuration information.

Templates

The location of the Normal (default) template in HotDog Standard, and for all templates in HotDog Professional.

Temporary Files

The location to store any temporary files HotDog creates. These will normally be deleted when you exit HotDog.

See also

General Options

Editing Options

Publishing Options

Display Options

Saving/Starting Options

Color OptionsColor

Dictionary Options


Tools: Make Template From Document
Document Templates (Pro Version)

HotDog Professional lets you create templates. This is an easy way to give all your documents a similar look and feel, or to include common information in each one.

To create a template, design the file you want to use as a template in the editing window. Then choose Make Template From Document in the Tools menu. The document will be saved in whatever directory is specified for templates in the Options screen.

To use a template, select New from the File menu. A list of all available templates will be shown. Choose one from the list and press enter or click OK.

If you use the [image] button on the Elements Bar to create a new document, the document created will use the Normal template. If there is no file called NORMAL.TPL in your Template directory, HotDog will create one.

To change the Normal template, simply replace the file NORMAL.TPL with the template you want to use as the default.

See also

Creating Embedded Fields

Tools Menu


Window Menu

Cascade

Tile

Arrange Icons

Close All

Window List


Tile
Arranging Windows

Menu: Window Menu

HotDog uses the Windows Multiple Document Interface (MDI). This means that you can have several documents open for editing on the screen at the same time. The Window Menu provides some easy ways to manage them.

Cascade

Overlaps all open documents from the top left to the bottom right of the screen, so that the title bars of all documents are visible.

Tile

Arranges all open documents from top to bottom across the screen. The height of each document window will be reduced so they all fit in the screen.

Arrange Icons

Reduces all documents to icons, and lines them up from left to right along the bottom of the screen.


Close All

Menu: Window Menu

This command provides a quick way to close every open document. If a document has been changed since the last time it was saved, you will be asked if you want to save the changes. Documents that have not changed are indicated on the Documents Bar with the [image] icon. Unsaved documents are marked with a

See also

Save

Close


Window List

Menu: Window Menu

This lists all the documents you currently have open. The information is the same as that provided on the Documents Bar, except the Documents Bar indicates whether the document has been saved or not, while the Window List shows the full path name of the document instead of just the file name.


Help Menu

Contents

Search

Registering HotDog

About HotDog


About HotDog

Menu: Help Menu

This screen displays version and copyright information about HotDog. It also gives you some information about your system resources.

Free Memory

This is the amount of RAM (Random Access Memory) available to the system. It includes Virtual Memory as set in the 386 Enhanced Section of Windows Control Panel, or the System section for Windows 95 and Windows NT. It is expressed in bytes (one Megabyte is a little over 1 million bytes).

Free Graphics

This is the percentage of free GDI resources. Windows 3.1 or Windows for Workgroups users should be careful if this gets very low (say, below 20%), as their system might crash. This figure is not as relevant for Windows NT and Windows 95 users.


HotDog Features

We've put a lot of work into making HotDog easy to use, flexible, powerful, and fun! Here's just some of the ways that HotDog makes life easier for you:

 Supports both Netscape Extensions to HTML, Microsoft Extensions to HTML, and proposed HTML 3 elements. Don't be fooled by our competitors, who promise you HTML 3 but only deliver Netscape !

 Windows 95-style interface in Windows 3.1 and Windows NT.

 Dialogs let you perform complex tasks like creating forms and tables in a few seconds.

 HotDog saves you time with features like finding duplicate links and converting DOS files for use on UNIX systems.

 Unlike most of our competitors, HotDog gives you a lot of control over how it works. Don't like the way HotDog does something? You can easily set almost 50 options to change how HotDog behaves.

 HotDog remembers your hypertext links, so you don't need to keep typing long URLs.

 Insert links, images, and text files by dragging them from File Manager or the internal HotDog File Manager.

 Edit your CGI scripts as well as HTML files.

 Never lose your work again! HotDog has options for automatically saving your work, and creating backup files whenever it saves.

 Advanced options like translating extended characters into HTML codes, while you're typing!

 Our publishing feature lets you automatically replace text when your document is ready to Preview. Why type the URL for your home page all the time, when you can type something like {home} and let HotDog translate it automatically?

 Context-sensitive help. Press F1 from any screen to get help on what each part of the screen means or does.

See also

HotDog Professional Features

Pricing and Ordering Information

Contacting Sausage Software


Registering HotDog
Pricing And Ordering Information

Pricing

Product	Price	Australian Price
HotDog Standard	US$29.95	$39.95
HotDog Professional v2	US$99.95	$129.95
HotDog Professional v2 (upgrade from Standard)	US$70.00	$90.00
HotDog Professional v2 (upgrade from Pro v1)	US$30.00	$50.00

We also offer discounts for site licenses

The Australian Price is for Australian residents only. These prices may change if there is a large fluctuation in the value of the Australian dollar (US$0.72 at the time of writing).

Please note that if you purchase by credit card, the price you are actually charged may vary slightly from the one listed above. We process all credit card charges at the current exchange rate, but due to fluctuations in the value of the dollar we cannot guarantee that this exchange rate will be exactly the same when the transaction is processed by your bank.

Purchasing HotDog entitles you to unlimited technical support by e-mail.

If you purchase HotDog Standard, you can upgrade to the Professional version at any time, for the difference between the price you paid and the current price of HotDog Pro.

Ordering HotDog

There are a number of ways to order HotDog from us. Whatever method you choose, your order must be accompanied by our Order Form. When we receive your payment, we will e-mail you the serial number to register HotDog.

Credit Card.

We accept VISA, MasterCard, and Bankcard. You can send us your credit card details by fax, post, or PGP-encrypted e-mail. We do not recommend sending your credit card number over the Internet without encryption, and will not be held responsible for the consequences if you do. Having said that, we receive the majority of our orders via unencrypted e-mail, and have not heard of any problems so far.

If you are using e-mail or a fax modem, a signature is not required on the Order Form (although we do recommend a PGP signature on e-mail).

Secure Server

If you are using the Netscape Navigator, Microsoft's Internet Explorer, or another SSL-compliant browser, you can order online via our Netscape Commerce Server. Transactions conducted on this server are encrypted, so your credit card details are completely safe.

Check

You can post us a check drawn on any bank in the world, in that country's currency. The amount should be equivalent to the price in US$. For example, if you are in Great Britain you could order HotDog Standard by sending a check made out in Pounds Sterling, for an amount in pounds equivalent to US$29.95. The check should be made out to Sausage Software.

International Money Order/Bank Draft

These are normally available from banks or Post Offices. The draft should be payable to Sausage Software. The currency of the draft should be Australian Dollars, and the amount of the draft should be the equivalent in AUD$ of the price in US$.

Cash

We will accept cash in US or Australian dollars. However, we will take no responsibility for the cash while it's in transit. For you own protection if you want to pay in cash, we strongly recommend sending it to us by registered mail.

Purchase Order

We're happy to accept a purchase order from your organisation and send you an invoice. We prefer to fax invoices, but we can mail them if necessary.

Where Do I Send The Payment?

Fax:	+61 3 9816 3922 (the + means an international call; in the US dial 011 for this).

E-mail:	sales@sausage.com

Post:	Sausage Software

1st Floor, 10 Stutt Avenue

Doncaster VIC 3108

AUSTRALIA

What Happens When I Purchase HotDog?

We don't ship anything physical - when you order HotDog, we will e-mail you a serial number. This registers the program in your name, and removes the nag screen and time limit.


Print Setup

Menu: File Menu

This option lets you change the default printer, and change the setup of the printer. For example, you can choose to print documents in Landscape mode instead of Portrait. For more information, see the documentation for your printer.

See also

Print

Print Preview


Horizontal Line
Horizontal Line Dialog

Menu: Insert Menu

Toolbar:

This will create a Horizontal Line <HR>

This dialog offers options only available under the Netscape Extensions to HTML or HTML 3. If you want to maintain compatibility with most current browsers you should leave these fields blank.

Width

The horizontal width of the line. This can be either an absolute number in pixels, or a relative number expressed as a percentage. Relative widths are preferred to ensure compatibility with all screen sizes.

Alignment

Lets you position the line against the left edge of the screen, the right, or in the middle.

Thickness

Sets the vertical size of the line.

No Shading

If you check this box, your line will display as a solid bar in Netscape .


Insert Text File

Menu: Insert Menu

This lets you insert the contents of a plain text file into your document, at the cursor position. You can also do this by dragging the file into your document from File Manager or the HotDog File Manager.

By default, HotDog will insert the text as Pre-formatted, using the <PRE> tag. This means that most browser will render it in a monospaced font like Courier. If you do not want HotDog to do this, you can disable it from the Options screen.


Insert Simple URL
Simple URL Dialog

Menu: Insert Menu

This is the fastest way to create hypertext links.

URL

The Universal Resource Location, for example http://www.sausage.com. Click the drop-down arrow at the right of this box to see a list of all the URLs you've used before, in alphabetical order.

Description

The text that the user will click on to follow the link. This defaults to the URL, but you can change it to anything you like.

See also

Hypertext Links

Jump to a Document in This System

Jump to a Document on Another System

Jump Within This Document

Launching an Internet Service


Find Duplicate Links

Menu: Tools Menu

This option will search for duplicate hypertext links in the current document.

If you have more than one link pointing to the same place, HotDog will alert you. Note that it's quite acceptable to have several links to one place in the same document; for example, you might have several references to your home page or a Table of Contents.

See also

Find

Replace


Remove Hypertext Links

Menu: Tools Menu

This option will remove any hypertext links from the selected text. If no text is selected, HotDog will ask you if you want to remove all the links in the document.

If you choose this option accidentally you will be able to undo it.

See also

Remove All Tags


Remove All Tags
Remove HTML Tags

Menu: Tools Menu

This option will remove all the HTML tags from the selected text. This is useful for converting HTML documents into plain text.

If not text is selected, HotDog will ask you if you want to remove tags from the entire document.

If you choose this accidentally you will be able to undo it.

See also

Remove Hypertext Links


Saving/Starting Options

Screen: Options

Auto-save every xx Minutes

Specify how often you want HotDog to automatically save your files for you. Files are saved into the AutoSave directory specified in File Locations, with the extension .HDB.

Show Handy Hints when HotDog Starts

By default, HotDog will display a handy hint every time it starts. This can be switched off by checking the Get Rid Of These Things! box on the Handy Hints screen, and can be switched on and off from the Show Handy Hints option.

Create Backup Files when saving

By default, HotDog creates a .BAK file before it overwrites any existing files when saving or publishing. This option will disable this behaviour.

Restore Last Session When HotDog Starts

If this option is checked, HotDog will remember the size and position of all open windows when it last closed. When HotDog next starts, these documents will be opened and arranged accordingly.

Note that whether or not this option is selected, HotDog will remember the positions of the Tags and Special Characters lists.

Open New Document When HotDog Starts

By default, HotDog will always start with a blank document open. If you do not want this to happen then disable this option.

See also

General Options

Editing Options

Publishing Options

Display Options

File Locations


Editing Options

Screen: Options

Default Font Name

This lets you control the font used for editing documents.

Default Font Size

This lets you control the size of the font used for editing documents.

Color tags after nn seconds idle (Pro version)

If this option is enabled, HotDog will display HTML tags in a different color from the rest of the document. Different tag types, for example Netscape or Microsoft tags, will be displayed in a different color from standard HTML tags.

HotDog waits nn seconds after you finish typing before going through your document to change the tag colors. If you have a slow computer, or you are working on large documents, you will probably want to set this to a fairly high number, e.g. 30, so that HotDog does not interfere with your work.

Convert Extended Characters while typing

This option is designed primarily for European users. If it is enabled, whenever you type an extended character like an umlaut or acute, HotDog will automatically translate it into the appropriate HTML code (for example, &euml;). If you don't want this to happen while you're typing, HotDog can also translate all extended characters when you publish your document.

HotDog might take longer to process keystrokes if you use this option.

Show Paragraph Marks (Pro version)

This option will display a character to mark every hard return in your document.

Show Spaces (Pro version)

This option will display a character to mark every space in your document.

Tags in lower case

If this option is enabled, any tags HotDog inserts will be in lower case. HotDog will not automatically convert tags you type into lower case.

Tab Indent (Inch)

Specifies the space (in inches) that HotDog will insert whenever you hit the Tab key.

Undo Depth (Pro version)

Tells HotDog how many previous actions to remember for the multi-level Undo function. HotDog can remember up to 99 actions; the default is 10. The higher this number is, the more memory HotDog will use.

See also

General Options

Publishing Options

Display Options

File Locations

Saving/Starting Options

Color Options

Dictionary Options


Order Form

Please print this form out and send it to Sausage Software. If youre an Australian resident, please check our Australian Prices.

We accept the following payment methods for HotDog:

* credit card (VISA/Mastercard/Bankcard); via fax, e-mail, or post

* International Money Order, payable in Australian dollars; via post

* a cheque drawn from any bank in your country, in your country's currency for the equivalent price in $US; via post

Our fax number is:       +61 3 9816 3922

Our e-mail address is:   sales@sausage.com

(See the file PGPKEY.TXT or our web site for our PGP key)

Our postal address is:   Sausage Software

                         1st Floor, 10 Stutt Avenue

                         Doncaster VIC 3108

                         AUSTRALIA

All payments should be made out to "Sausage Software".

Please fill out this form and send it to us via one of the above methods. A serial number to register HotDog will be e-mailed to you in a few days.

Sausage Software Order Form

===========================

Product                                     Price     Quantity  Total

=======                                     =====     ========  =====

HotDog Standard                             US$29.95  ________  _____

HotDog Professional v2.0                    US$99.95  ________  _____

HotDog Pro v2.0 (upgrade from Standard)     US$70.00  ________  _____

HotDog Professional v2.0 (upgrade from v1)  US$30.00  ________  _____

                                                       --------------

Total Price (in US$)

                                                       ==============

How would you like to pay for HotDog? (check one)

Check  (enclosed)                      (  )

International Money Order (enclosed)   (  )

Credit card:   VISA                    (  )

               MasterCard              (  )

               Bankcard                (  )

               (we regret that we cannot accept any other credit cards)

  Name on card:________________________________________________________

  Card number: ________________________________________________________

  Expiry Date: _________________________

  Signature:   ________________________________________________________

Name for Registration:_________________________________________________

E-mail address:________________________________________________________

Thank you for purchasing HotDog, we hope you enjoy using it.


Sausage Software PGP Key

We strongly recommend that you use this if you're sending us your credit card number via e-mail. You can download the documentation for the PGP program from our Web site. Unfortunately, due to US government regulations relating to munitions export, we can't make the PGP program itself available to you, but if you search www.yahoo.com for it, you'll find a number of links to the US and International versions of PGP.

This key is for the User ID Sausage Software <sales@sausage.com>

-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

Version: 2.6.2i

mQCNAy/onO4AAAEEAObB1hUpJyQfkx/GUdSyiPdnoAhzK6WkI0fSiNbPat0Onxka

s7EsdvypkiN6IvIm/HSNh8SMj6J+0EsYg6WC3iL8HlQmW+Uo2QrjDccJJhFLwNBS

nnj4utgh/+etZ7M6/dZMWLgLTxpqbJJI/7e84izGpjwqC38kzeKJL6+Z6+vVAAUR

tCRTYXVzYWdlIFNvZnR3YXJlIDxzYWxlc0BzYXVzYWdlLmNvbT4=

=DX8C

-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----


News Dialog

Screen: Launch an Internet Service

This lets you create a hypertext link that will take the user to a UseNet newsgroup.

Name

The newsgroup name, for example alt.elvis.sighting. Click the drop-down arrow at the right of this box to see a list of all the newsgroups you've used before, in alphabetical order.

Description

The text that the user will click on to follow the link. This defaults to the name of the newsgroup, but you can change it to anything you like.

See also

Hypertext Links

Launching an Internet Service


Mail Dialog

Screen: Launch an Internet Service

This lets you create a hypertext link that will let the user create an e-mail message to the specified address.

Mail Address

The e-mail address of the user, for example sales@sausage.com. Click the drop-down arrow at the right of this box to see a list of all the e-mail addresses you've used before, in alphabetical order.

Description

The text that the user will click on to follow the link. This defaults to the e-mail address, but you can change it to anything you like.

See also

Hypertext Links

Launching an Internet Service


Credits and Copyrights

HotDog and The HotDog Web Editor are registered trademarks of Sausage Software.

Parts of this help file were developed by Stephen Le Hunte

The RGB color picker was very kindly licensed to Sausage Software by Doug Jacobson

Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, Windows 95, Excel, Internet Explorer, and Visual Basic, are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Netscape and the Netscape Navigator are the registered trademarks of Netscape Communications.

The VSVBX and VSVIEW modules are the copyright of VideoSoft Corporation.

The TRUEGRID module is the copyright of Apex Software.

HotDog was developed with the assistance of almost 800 people from 28 countries. Sausage Software would like to thank everyone involved in our test programme for their feedback and participation.

The award for slowest system used to test HotDog goes to: Rob Mohns. Congratulations Rob!

See also

Contacting Sausage Software

Pricing and Ordering Information


Site Licensing Policy

Our policy is simple:

Number Of Copies Bought	Discount Per Copy
5-9	20%
10-14	25%
15+	30%

We're also very happy to quote you for large (anything from fifty to several million) or unlimited licenses, or special requests, on a case-by-case basis.

See also

Pricing and Ordering Information

Contacting Sausage Software


Multi-Directory Find and Replace
Multi-File Find and Replace (Pro Version only)

This function lets you replace information in a number of different HTML files at once.

Caution: This is a very powerful feature. It can make your life much easier, but it also has the potential to do a lot of damage if you make a mistake and replace the wrong thing.

We strongly  recommend that you make backups of all files you want to replace before using this function.

See also

Tools Menu


CGI

CGI stands for the Common Gateway Interface. It is a way of letting HTML documents interact with programs.

CGI programs can be written in almost any programming language, but the most commonly used ones on the Internet are Perl and C. This means that to use CGI, you will need to learn a programming language. We recommend taking a course if you're serious about using it.


Choose Browser Screen

Menu: File Menu

This screen will be displayed whenever you Preview a document if you have activated the Choose Browser before each Preview option.

The drop-down list contains all the Browsers you've used in the past. To add a new browser, type the file name or click the [image] button to choose the file. When you click the OK button the new browser will be started to preview the document.

See also

Preview Document

General Options


Handy Hints
Handy Hints Screen

This screen is displayed when HotDog starts. The tips are intended to give you a brief idea of the capabilities of HotDog, or refresh your memory on features you may have forgotten about.

If you don't want the hints screen to show when HotDog starts, check the Get Rid Of These Things! box at the bottom of the screen itself, or turn the Show Handy Hints when HotDog starts option off from the Saving/Starting section of the Options screen.

If you get rid of the hints, and then decide you'd like to see them again, you can restore them from the Options screen.

See also

Saving/Starting Options


Input Dialog

Use this screen to enter information. Type the requested information, then choose OK or press the Enter key.

If you press Cancel then whatever function asked you for information will stop.


Adding Hypertext Links

This Tutorial will take you through creating several different types of Hypertext Link in your document. You should be comfortable with the concepts explained in the Creating HTML Documents tutorial.

Hypertext links make your documents "interactive". When the user clicks on the link, something will happen. This tutorial will show you how to create links that:

 Take the user to another document

 Take the user to another point within this document

 Let the user download a file

 Let the user send mail to you

 Take the user to a UseNet newsgroup

1. Start HotDog and open a document. If you've just completed the Creating HTML Documents tutorial, keep working in that document.

2. The first link we'll create is to an HTML document somewhere else on the Internet. The document we'll use is the Sausage Software home page at http://www.sausage.com

To create a link to a document on another system, choose Jump To A Document On Another System from the Insert Menu, or click the External button in the Button Bar.

You will be taken to the Build External Hypertext Link dialog. Enter the document information here:

Resource type is http

Host Address is www.sausage.com

Leave the other fields blank.

As you typed the above information, you would have seen the contents of the URL box change. This is the full URL address for the hypertext link. When you choose OK, this URL will be added to the drop-down list for future reference.

Move down to the Description box. This lets you specify the text that the user will click on to follow the link. Type Sausage Software's home page here.

Now choose OK. HotDog will insert something like:

<A HREF="http://www.sausage.com">Sausage Software's home page</A>

into your document.

3. Preview the document to see the results of Step 2. Just click the Preview button in the Button Bar. If you're connected to the Internet, when you click the text Sausage Software's home page your browser will take you to this page.

4. Next, we'll create a hypertext link that will take the user to another place in the same document.

This is a little more involved, because we have to create a destination for the link, as well as the link itself.

To create a destination target for a hypertext link, position the cursor at the point you want users to jump to, then click the Target button in the Button Bar, or choose Hypertext Target from the Insert Menu.

You will be asked to enter a name for this link. This should be something that makes sense if you want to refer to the link from another document. Type the name and press Enter.

<A NAME="test target"></A>

Next, move to the place in your document where you want the users to click to go to the destination target.

Click the Internal button in the Button Bar, or choose Jump Within This Document from the Insert Menu.

You will see a list of all links in the current document. At this stage, there's probably only one, for the link you've just created. Click on this link to highlight it.

Type the text you want the user to click on in the Description box, then press Enter or click the OK button. HotDog should insert something like this:

<A HREF="#test target">Go to the test target</A>

Preview this again, to test the effects.

5. Now we'll create a link that will let the user download a file. There are a number of ways to do this, but we'll show you the way we think is easiest. As an example, we'll create a link to download the latest version of the HotDog Web Editor.

To create a link to a file, position the cursor at the point where you want to insert the link, then choose Launch an Internet Service from the Insert Menu, or click the Internet button on the Button Bar.

You will see a list of common Internet services. Click the FTP button.

You will be taken to the Build External Hypertext Link dialog, just like in Step 2. Enter the document information here:

Resource Type is FTP

Host Name is sausage.clever.net

Path is pub/sausage

File Name is hdgsetup.exe

Enter the description for the link, then press Enter.

HotDog will insert something like this:

<A HREF="ftp://sausage.clever.net/pub/sausage/hdgsetup.exe">Download the HotDog Web Editor</A>

6. The next type of link we'll create will let the reader send e-mail to you (or anyone else you like).

To create an e-mail link, position the cursor at the point where you want to insert the link, then choose Launch an Internet Service from the Insert Menu, or click the Internet button on the Button Bar.

You will see a list of common Internet services. Click the Mail button.

Enter your e-mail address and the link description in the boxes provided, then click OK.

HotDog will insert something like this:

<A HREF="mailto:sales@sausage.com">Sausage Software</A>

7. Creating a link to a newsgroup is almost exactly the same as creating an e-mail link.

To create a link to a UseNet newsgroup, position the cursor at the point where you want to insert the link, then choose Launch an Internet Service from the Insert Menu, or click the Internet button on the Button Bar.

You will see a list of common Internet services. Click the News button.

Enter the name of the newsgroup and the link description in the boxes provided, then click OK.

HotDog will insert something like this:

<A HREF="news:alt.elvis.sighting">Find out if anyone's seen the King!</A>

8. The final type of link we'll create is to a document on your web site. Save the current document, then open a new one by choosing New from the File Menu or clicking the [image] button.

To create a hypertext link to another document on your web site, choose Jump to a Document in this System from the Insert Menu.

You will see a standard Windows file dialog. Find the test document that you've just saved and click OK. HotDog will insert something like this:

<A HREF="test.htm"></A>

You will need to type the description of the link between the > and the </A>.

Note that this link uses a relative reference "test.htm", rather than an absolute reference HREF="http:/www.sausage.com/pub/sausage/test.htm". This link will always jump to test.htm, no matter what web site it's stored on (provided, of course, that a file called test.htm exists in the same directory).

Further Tutorials

Adding Pictures


Adding Pictures

This Tutorial will take you through adding images to your document. You should be comfortable with the concepts explained in the Creating HTML Documents and Adding Hypertext Links tutorials.

This Tutorial will assume that you have some .GIF or .JPG files in your system to use for images.

1. Start HotDog and open a new document.

2. The first type of picture we'll create is called an In-Line Image. This is a picture that displays inside your document, but doesn't do anything. If the reader clicks on it, nothing will happen.

To create an in-line image, position the cursor at the point where you want to insert the image, then choose Image from the Insert Menu or click the Image button on the Button Bar.

You will see the Insert Image dialog. If you want to use an image that you already have in your system, click the [image] button and choose the file.

If you want to link to an image on another system, click the [image] button. This will let you create a hypertext link to the image.

Leave the Document To Launch field box blank, and click OK. HotDog will insert something like this:

<IMG SRC="hr_brass.gif">

Preview your document to see the effects of this.

3. As well as these "static" in-line images, you can create an image that is also a hypertext link. When the reader clicks on it, they follow the link in the same way as if they clicked on a text link.

To create a hypertext image, position the cursor at the point where you want to insert the image, then choose Image from the Insert Menu or click the Image button on the Button Bar.

You will see the Insert Image dialog. If you want to use an image that you already have in your system, click the [image] button and choose the file.

If you want to link to an image on another system, click the [image] button. This will let you create a hypertext link to the image.

In the Document To Launch box, choose the document the reader will be taken to when they follow the link. As with the image, this can be a file on the current system or an external link. If you've completed the Adding Hypertext Links tutorial, click the drop-down arrow at the right of this box. Some of the links you created in that tutorial will be listed.

When you enter something in the Document To Launch box, another box will appear for you to describe the link. If you fill this in, the image will have some text next to it, which the reader can also click on to follow the link. If you leave it blank, then only the image will be displayed.

When you choose OK, HotDog will insert something like this:

<A HREF="hotdog.htm"><IMG SRC="hotdog.gif"> Sausage Software</A>

See also

HTML Tutorials


HTML Tutorials

The following lessons are available:

Creating an HTML Document

Adding Hypertext Links

Adding Pictures

See also

HTML Overview

HTML Reference


URL

URL stands for Universal Resource Locator. This is an Internet address to a HTML document, a file, a gopher, or any other Internet service.


CENTER
<CENTER>

The <CENTER> tag lets you center text. It only works for Netscape browsers, and is not part of the HTML 3 specification. It may be wiser to use the ALIGN token instead. For example,

Instead of <CENTER>This is in the middle</CENTER>

use <P ALIGN="center">This is in the middle</P>

See also

Netscape Enhancements to HTML


The HTML Reference Library

HotDog HTML Reference

This reference is divided into the following sections:

1) The HTML 2 Specification

2) Netscape Enhancements to HTML

3) Microsoft Enhancements to HTML

4) Quick Reference Guide

This is an on-line reference for the syntax and use of HTML 2 elements. HotDog also supports proposed HTML 3.0 elements, but at the time of writing the HTML 3 specification has not been finalized.

Information on specific browsers, or the broader topic of 'The World Wide Web' can be obtained by reading the World Wide Web FAQ.


The World Wide Web FAQ is posted

(every four days) to the following UseNet

newsgroups:

•	news.answers

•	comp.infosystems.www.users

•	comp.infosystems.www.providers

•	comp.infosystems.www.misc

•	comp.infosystems.gopher

•	comp.infosystems.wais

The most recent version is also always held at :

http://sunsite.unc.edu/boutell/faq/www_faq.html

The FAQ is maintained by Thomas Boutell


HTML Specification

Quick Reference

The vast range of HTML MarkUp elements specified in ″text/html; version=2.0″ Internet Media Type (RFC 1590) and MIME Content Type (RFC 1521), otherwise known as the HTML Specification, version 2.0 can be divided into seven sections.  These make up the defined specification and it can be assumed that all World Wide Web user agents (Web browsers : Netscape , Mosaic, Cello, Lynx etc..) will support rendering of these elements.

Document Structure Elements

Anchor Element

Block Formatting Elements.

List Elements.

Information type and Character formatting Elements.

Image Element.

Form Elements.

Also included in this part of the reference is information purtaining to the following sections of the HTML 2.0 specification.

Character Data

Obsolete and Proposed Elements

Details of elements that will be included in the HTML 3.0 specification, but which are supported by currently available browsers, can be found here :

HTML 3.0 elements

NOTE : While a proposal for the HTML 3.0 specification is available, this reference will only be updated when browsers support new HTML elements.  That way it will remain current with available browsers, avoiding confusion over which elements can be used.

Wherever this symbol : appears, a screen shot showing typical rendering of the element in question is available.  To see the screenshot, click the picture.


Exactly...just like you did then.


Document Structure Elements

Quick Reference

These elements are required within a HTML document.  Apart from the prologue document identifier, they represent the only HTML elements which are explicitly required for a document to conform to the standard.

The essential document structure elements are :

<HTML> ... </HTML>

<HEAD> ... </HEAD>

<BODY> ... </BODY>


In order to identify a document as HTML, each HTML document should start with the prologue:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN//2.0">.

However, it is worth noting that if the document doesn′t contain this type declaration, a HTML user agent should infer it.


<HTML> ... </HTML>

Quick Reference

This element identifies the document as containing HTML elements.  It should immediately follow the prologue document identifier  and serves to surround all of the remaining text, including all other elements.  That is, the document should be constructed thus :

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN//2.0">

<HTML>

Here is all the rest of the document, including any elements.

</HTML>

The HTML element is not visible upon HTML user agent rendering and can contain only the <HEAD> and <BODY> elements.


<HEAD> ... </HEAD>

Quick Reference

The head of an HTML document is an unordered collection of information about the document.  It requires the Title element between <HEAD> and </HEAD> elements thus :

<HEAD>

<TITLE> Introduction to HTML </TITLE>

</HEAD>

The <HEAD> and </HEAD> elements do not directly affect the look of the document when rendered.

The following elements are related to the head element.  While not directly affecting the look of the document when rendered, they do provide (if used) important information to the HTML user agent.

<BASE> - Allows base address of HTML document to be specified

<ISINDEX>- Allows keyword searching of the document

<LINK>- Indicate realationships between documents

<NEXTID>- Creates unique document identifiers

<TITLE>- Specifies the title of the document

<META> - Specifies document information useable by server/clients.

NOTE : The Title element is the only element described here that is required as part of the Head of a HTML document.


<BODY> ... </BODY>

Quick Reference

The body of a HTML document contains all the text and images that make up the page, together with all the HTML elements that provide the control/formatting of the page.  The format is :

<BODY>

The document included here

</BODY>

The <BODY> and </BODY> elements do not directly affect the look of the document when rendered, although they are required in order for the document to conform to the specification standard.

The <BODY> element has been enhanced in recent Netscape versions.  It is now possible to control the document background.


<BASE...>

Quick Reference

The Base element allows the URL of the document itself to be recorded in situations in which the document may be read out of context.  URLs within the document may be in a ″partial″ form realtive to this base address.

Where the base address is not specified, the HTML user agent uses the URL it used to access the document to resolve any relative URLs.

The Base element has one attribute, HREF, which identifies the URL.


<ISINDEX...>

See Also	Quick Reference

The Isindex element tells the HTML user agent that the document is an index document.  As well as reading it, the reader may use a keyword search.

The document can be queried with a keyword search by adding a question mark to the end of the document address, followed by a list of keywords separated by plus signs.

NOTE : The Isindex element is usually generated automatically by a server.  If added manually to a HTML document, the HTML user agent assumes that the server can handle a search on the document.  To use the Isindex element, the server must have a search engine that supports this element.

NOTE : The <ISINDEX> element has been Netscape enhanced.


Netscape enhancement to <ISINDEX>


<LINK...>

Quick Reference

The Link element indicates a relationship between the document and some other object.  A document may have any number of Link elements.

The Link element is empty (does not have a closing element), but takes the same attributes as the Anchor element.

Typical uses are to indicate authorship, realted indexes and glossaries, older or more recent versions, etc.  Links can indicate a static tree structure in which the document was authored by pointing to a ″parent″ and ″next″ and ″previous″ document, for example.

Servers may also allow links to be added by those who do not have the right to alter the body of a document.


<NEXTID...>

Quick Reference

The Nextid element is a parameter read by and generated by text editing software to create unique identifiers.  This element takes a single attribute which is th enext document-winde alpha-numeric identifier to be allocated of the form z123 :

<NEXTID N=Z127>

When modifying a document, existing anchor identifiers should not be reused, as these identifiers may be referenced by other documents.  Human writers of HTML usually use mnemonic alphabetic identifiers.  HTML user agents may ignore the Nextid element.  Support for the Nextid element does not impact HTML user agents in any way.


<TITLE> ... </TITLE>

Quick Reference

Every HTML document must have a Title element.  The title should identify the contents of the document and in a global context, and may be used in history lists and as a label for the windows displaying the document.  Unlike headings, titles are not typically rendered in the text of a document itself.

The Title element must occur within the head of the documet and may not contain anchors, paragraph elements, or highlighting.  Only one title is allowed in a document.

NOTE : The length of a title is not limited, however, long titles may be truncated in some applications.  To minimize the possibility, titles should be fewer than 64 characters.  Also keep in mind that a short title, such as 'Introduction' may be meaningless out of context.  An example of a meaningful title might be 'Introduction to HTML elements'

This is the only element that is required within the Head element.  The other elements described are optional and can be implemented when appropriate

<HEAD>

<TITLE> Introduction to HTML </TITLE>

</HEAD>


<META...>

Attributes	See Also	Quick Reference

The Meta element is used within the Head element to embed document meta-information not defined by other HTML elements.  Such information can be extracted by servers/clients for use in identifying, indexing and cataloging specialised document meta-information.

Although it is generally preferable to use named elements that have well defined semantics for each type of meta-information, such as title, this element is provided for situations where strict SGML parsing is necessary and the local DTD is not extensible.

In addition, HTTP servers can read the content of the document head to generate response headers corresponding to any elements defining a value for the attribute HTTP-EQUIV.  This provides document authors a mechanism (not necessarily the preferred one) for identifying information that should be included in the respomse headers for an HTTP request.

Attributes of the Meta element :

HTTP-EQUIV

This attribute binds the element to an HTTP response header.  If the semantics of the HTTP response header named by this attribute is known, then the contents can be processed based on a well-defined syntactic mapping wether or not the DTD includes anything about it.  HTTP header names are not case sensitive.  If not present, the NAME attribute should be used to identify this meta-information and it should not be used within an HTTP response header.

NAME

Meta-information name.  If the name attribute is not present, then name can be assumed equal to the value HTTP-EQUIV.

CONTENT

The meta-information content to be associated with the given name and/or HTTP response header.

Examples :

If the document contains :

<META HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" CONTENT="Tue, 04 Dec 1993 21:29:02 GMT">

<META HTTP-EQUIV="Keywords" CONTENT="Fred, Barney">

<META HTTP-EQUIV="Reply-to" CONTENT="fielding@ics.uci.edu <Roy Fielding">

Then the HTTP response header would be :

Expires: Tue, 04 Dec 1993 21:29:02 GMT

Keywords: Fred, Barney

Reply-to: fielding@ics.uci.edu (Roy Fielding)

When the HTTP-EQUIV attribute is not present, the server should not generate an HTTP response header for this meta-information.  e.g,

<META NAME="IndexType" CONTENT="Service">

Do not use the Meta element to define information that should be associtaed with an existing HTML element.

Example of an inappropriate use of the Meta element :

<META NAME="Title" CONTENT="The Etymology of Dunsel">

Do not name an HTTP-EQUIV equal to a responsive header that should typically only be generated by the HTTP server.  Some inappropriate names are ″Server″, ″Date″ and ″Last-modified″.  Whether a name is inappropriate depends on the particular server implementation.  It is recommended that servers ignore any Meta elements that specify HTTP-equivalents equal (case-insensitively) to their own reserved response headers.

The META element is particularly useful for constructing Dynamic documents.


The following attributes are allowed

within the <META ...> element.

HTTP-EQUIV

NAME

CONTENT


Dynamic Documents


Block Formatting Elements

Quick Reference

Block formatting elements are used for the formatting of whole blocks of text within a HTML document, rather than single characters.  They should all (if present) be within the body of the document.

The essential block formatting elements are :

<ADDRESS> ... </ADDRESS> - Format an address section

<H1> ... </H1>  - Format six levels of heading

<HR> - Renders a hard line on the page

<BR> - Force a line break

<P> ... </P> - Specify what text constitutes a paragraph

<PRE> ... </PRE> - Use text already formatted

<BLOCKQUOTE> ... </BLOCKQUOTE> - To quote text from another source


<ADDRESS> ... </ADDRESS>

Quick Reference

The Address element specifies such information as address, signature and authorship, often at the top or bottom of a document.

Typically, an Address is rendered in an italic typeface and may be indented. The Address element implies a paragraph break before and after.

Example of use:

<ADDRESS>

Newsletter editor<BR>

J.R. Brown<BR>

JimquickPost News, Jumquick, CT 01234<BR>

Tel (123) 456 7890

</ADDRESS>


<H1> ... </H1> Headings

See Also	Quick Reference

HTML defines six levels of heading. A Heading element implies all the font changes, paragraph breaks before and after, and white space necessary to render the heading.

The highest level of headings is <H1>, followed by <H2> ... <H6>.

Example of use:

<H1>This is a heading</H1>

Here is some text

<H2>Second level heading</H2>

Here is some more text.

The rendering of headings is determined by the HTML user agent, but typical renderings are:

<H1> ... </H1>

Bold, very-large font, centered. One or two blank lines above and below.

<H2> ... </H2>

Bold, large font, flush-left. One or two blank lines above and below.

<H3> ... </H3>

Italic, large font, slightly indented from the left margin. One or two blank lines above and below.

<H4> ... </H4>

Bold, normal font, indented more than H3. One blank line above and below.

<H5> ... </H5>

Italic, normal font, indented as H4. One blank line above.

<H6> ... </H6>

Bold, indented same as normal text, more than H5. One blank line above.

Although heading levels can be skipped (for example, from H1 to H3), this practice is discouraged as skipping heading levels may produce unpredictable results when generating other representations from HTML.

NOTE : This element is to be enhanced in HTML 3.0.  Alignment attributes are to be added.


NOTE : These Headings are a screenshot of Mosaic 2.0 beta 4

heading rendering, using a default installation.  The exact format

can be altered within Mosaic, this screenshot is provided to show

the six different headings in relation to each other.


HTML 3.0 - Headings


<HR>

See Also	Quick Reference

A Horizontal Rule element is a divider between sections of text such as a full width horizontal rule or equivalent graphic.

Example of use:

<HR>

<ADDRESS>February 8, 1995, CERN</ADDRESS>

</BODY>

NOTE :  The <HR> element has been Netscape Enhanced

See the Netscape enhanced <HR> page for screenshots.


Netscape enhancements to <HR>


<BR>

See Also	Quick Reference

The Line Break element specifies that a new line must be started at the given point. A new line indents the same as that of line-wrapped text.

Example of use:

<P>

Pease porridge hot<BR>

Pease porridge cold<BR>

Pease porridge in the pot<BR>

Nine days old.

NOTE : The <BR> element has been Netscape enhanced.


Netscape enhancements to <BR>


<P> ... </P>

See Also	Quick Reference

The Paragraph element indicates a paragraph. The exact indentation, leading, etc. of a paragraph is not defined and may be a function of other elements, style sheets, etc.

Typically, paragraphs are surrounded by a vertical space of one line or half a line. This is typically not the case within the Address element and or is never the case within the Preformatted Text element. With some HTML user agents, the first line in a paragraph is indented.

Example of use:

<H1>This Heading Precedes the Paragraph</H1>

<P>This is the text of the first paragraph.

<P>This is the text of the second paragraph. Although you do not need to start paragraphs on new lines, maintaining this convention facilitates document maintenance.

<P>This is the text of a third paragraph.

NOTE : This element is to be enhanced in HTML 3.0.  Alignment attributes are to be added.  See this page for screenshots.


HTML 3.0 - Paragraph


<PRE> ... </PRE>

Quick Reference

The Preformatted Text element presents blocks of text in fixed-width font, and so is suitable for text that has been formatted on screen.

The <PRE> element may be used with the optional WIDTH attribute, which is a Level 1 feature. The WIDTH attribute specifies the maximum number of characters for a line and allows the HTML user agent to select a suitable font and indentation. If the WIDTH attribute is not present, a width of 80 characters is assumed. Where the WIDTH attribute is supported, widths of 40, 80 and 132 characters should be presented optimally, with other widths being rounded up.

Within preformatted text:

•	Line breaks within the text are rendered as a move to the beginning of the next line.

•	The <P> element should not be used. If found, it should be rendered as a move to the beginning of the next line.

•	Anchor elements and character highlighting elements may be used.

•	Elements that define paragraph formatting (headings, address, etc.) must not be used.

•	The horizontal tab character (encoded in US-ASCII and ISO-8859-1 as decimal 9) must be interpreted as the smallest positive nonzero number of spaces which will leave the number of characters so far on the line as a multiple of 8. Its use is not recommended however.

NOTE: References to the "beginning of a new line" do not imply that the renderer is forbidden from using a constant left indent for rendering preformatted text. The left indent may be constrained by the width required.

Example of use:

<PRE WIDTH="80">

This is an example line.

</PRE>

NOTE: Within a Preformatted Text element, the constraint that the rendering must be on a fixed horizontal character pitch may limit or prevent the ability of the HTML user agent to render highlighting elements specially.


<BLOCKQUOTE> ... </BLOCKQUOTE>

Quick Reference

The Blockquote element is used to contain text quoted from another source.

A typical rendering might be a slight extra left and right indent, and/or italic font. The Blockquote element causes a paragraph break, and typically provides space above and below the quote.

Single-font rendition may reflect the quotation style of Internet mail by putting a vertical line of graphic characters, such as the greater than symbol (>), in the left margin.

Example of use:

I think the poem ends

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<P>Soft you now, the fair Ophelia. Nymph,  in thy orisons, be all my sins remembered. </BLOCKQUOTE> but I am not sure.


NOTE : This screenshot shows how Netscape 1.1 would

display text using the <BLOCKQUOTE> element.  Renderings

using different HTML user agents may differ.


<A...> ... </A> Anchor

Atrributes	Quick Reference

An Anchor element is a marked text that is the start and/or destination of a hypertext link.  Anchor elements are defined by the <A> element.  The <A> element accepts several attributes, but either the NAME or HREF attribute is required.

Attributes of the <A> element :

HREF

If the HREF attribute is present, the text between the opening and closing anchor elements becomes hypertext.  If this hypertext is selected by readers, they are moved to another document, or to a different location in the current document, whose network address is defined by the value of the HREF attribute.

Example :

See <A HREF="http://www.hal.com/">HaL</A>'s information for more details.

In this example, selecting "HaL" takes the reader to a document located at http://www.hal.com.  The format of the network address is psecified in the URI specification for print readers.

With the HREF attribute, the form HREF="#identifier" can refer to another anchor in the same document.

Example :

The <A HREF="document.html#glossary">glossary</A> defines terms used in the document.

In this example, selecting "glossary" takes the reader to another anchor (i.e. <A NAME="glossary">Glossary</A>) in the same document (document.html).  The NAME attribute is described below.  If the anchor is in another document, the HREF attribute may be relative to the document's address or the specified base address.

NAME

If present, the NAME attribute allows the anchor to be the target of a link.  The value of the NAME attribute is an identifier for the anchor.  Identifiers are arbitrary strings but must be unique within the HTML document.

Example of use:

<A NAME=coffee>Coffee</A> is an exmple of...

An example of this is <A HREF=#coffee>coffee</A>.

Another document can then make a reference explicitly to this anchor by putting the identifier after the address, separated by a has sign :

<A NAME=drinks.html#coffee>

TITLE

The Title attribute is informational only.  If present, the Title attribute should provide the title of the document whose address is given by the HREF attribute.

The Title attribute is useful for at least two reasons.  The HTML user agent may display the title of the document prior to retrieving it, for example, as a margin note or on a small box while the mouse is over the anchor, or while the document is being loaded.  Another reason is that documents that are not marked up text, such as graphics, plain text and Gopher menus, do not have titles. The TITLE attribute can be used to provide a title to such documents. When using the TITLE attribute, the title should be valid and unique for the destination document.

REL

The REL attribute gives the relationship(s) described by the hypertext link from the anchor to the target. The value is a comma-separated list of relationship values.  Values and their semantics will be registered by the HTML registration authority. The default relationship if none other is given is void. The REL attribute is only used when the HREF attribute is present.

REV

The REV attribute is the same as the REL attribute, but the semantics of the link type are in the reverse direction. A link from A to B with REL="X" expresses the same relationship as a link from B to A with REV="X". An anchor may have both REL and REV attributes.

URN

If present, the URN attribute specifies a uniform resource name (URN) for a target document. The format of URNs is under discussion (1994) by various working groups of the Internet Engineering Task Force.

METHODS

The METHODS attributes of anchors and links provide information about the functions that the user may perform on an object. These are more accurately given by the HTTP protocol when it is used, but it may, for similar reasons as for the TITLE attribute, be useful to include the information in advance in the link. For example, the HTML user agent may chose a different rendering as a function of the methods allowed; for example, something that is searchable may get a different icon.

The value of the METHODS attribute is a comma separated list of HTTP methods supported by the object for public use.


The following attributes are all allowed

within the <A ...> element

HREF

NAME

TITLE

REL

REV

URN

METHODS


List Elements

Quick Reference

HTML supports several types of lists, all of which may be nested.  If used they should be present in the body of a HTML document.

<DL> ... </DL> - Definition list.

<DIR> ... </DIR> - Directory list

<MENU> ... </MENU> - Menu list

<OL> ... </OL> - Ordered list

<UL> ... </UL> - Unordered list


<DL> ... </DL>

Attributes	See Also	Quick Reference

A definition list is a list of terms and corresponding definitions. Definition lists are typically formatted with the term flush-left and the definition, formatted paragraph style, indented after the term.

Example of use:

<DL>

<DT>Term<DD>This is the definition of the first term.

<DT>Term<DD>This is the definition of the second term.

</DL>

If the <DT> term does not fit in the <DT> column (one third of the display area), it may be extended across the page with the <DD> section moved to the next line, or it may be wrapped onto successive lines of the left hand column.

Single occurrences of a <DT> element without a subsequent <DD> element are allowed, and have the same significance as if the <DD> element had been present with no text.

The opening list element must be <DL> and must be immediately followed by the first term (<DT>).

The definition list type can take the COMPACT attribute, which suggests that a compact rendering be used, because the list items are small and/or the entire list is large.

Unless you provide the COMPACT attribute, the HTML user agent may leave white space between successive <DT>, <DD> pairs.The COMPACT attribute may also reduce the width of the left-hand (<DT>) column.

If using the COMPACT attribute, the opening list element must be <DL COMPACT>, which must be immediately followed by the first <DT> element:

<DL COMPACT>

<DT>Term<DD>This is the first definition in compact format.

<DT>Term<DD>This is the second definition in compact format.

</DL>


The following are all allowed

within the <DL> element.

<DT> : Definition list Term

<DD> : Definition list definition.

COMPACT


<DIR> : Directory list

<MENU> : Menu list

<OL> : Ordered list

<UL> : Unordered list


<DIR> ... </DIR>

See Also	Quick Reference

A Directory List element is used to present a list of items containing up to 20 characters each. Items in a directory list may be arranged in columns, typically 24 characters wide. If the HTML user agent can optimize the column width as function of the widths of individual elements, so much the better.

A directory list must begin with the <DIR> element which is immediately followed by a <LI> (list item) element:

<DIR>

<LI>A-H<LI>I-M

<LI>M-R<LI>S-Z

</DIR>


<DL> : Definition list

<MENU> : Menu list

<OL> : Ordered list

<UL> : Unordered list


<MENU> ... </MENU>

See Also	Quick Reference

A menu list is a list of items with typically one line per item. The menu list style is more compact than the style of an unordered list.

A menu list must begin with a <MENU> element which is immediately followed by a <LI> (list item) element:

<MENU>

<LI>First item in the list.

<LI>Second item in the list.

<LI>Third item in the list.

</MENU>


<DL> : Definition list

<DIR> : Directory list

<OL> : Ordered list

<UL> : Unordered list


<OL> ... </OL>

See Also	Quick Reference

The Ordered List element is used to present a numbered list of items, sorted by sequence or order of importance.

An ordered list must begin with the <OL> element which is immediately followed by a <LI> (list item) element:

<OL>

<LI>Click the Web button to open the Open the URL window.

<LI>Enter the URL number in the text field of the Open URL

window. The Web document you specified is displayed.

<LI>Click highlighted text to move from one link to another.

</OL>

The Ordered List element can take the COMPACT attribute, which suggests that a compact rendering be used.

NOTE : The <OL> element has been Netscape enhanced.


<DL> : Definition list

<DIR> : Directory list

<MENU> : Menu list

<UL> : Unordered list

Netscape enhancement to <OL>


<UL> ... </UL>

See Also	Quick Reference

The Unordered List element is used to present a list of items which is typically separated by white space and/or marked by bullets.

An unordered list must begin with the <UL> element which is immediately followed by a <LI> (list item) element:

<UL>

<LI>First list item

<LI>Second list item

<LI>Third list item

</UL>

The Unordered List element can take the COMPACT attribute, which suggests that a compact rendering be used.

NOTE : The <UL> element has been Netscape enhanced


<DL> : Definition list

<DIR> : Directory list

<MENU> : Menu list

<OL> : Ordered list

Netscape enhancement to <UL>


Information Type and Character Formatting Elements

Quick Reference

The following information type and character formatting elements are supported in the HTML 2.0 specification

Information type elements:

(NOTE : Different information type elements may be rendered in the same way)

<CITE> ... </CITE> - Citation

<CODE> ... </CODE> - An example of Code

<EM> ... </EM> - Emphasis

<KBD> ... </KBD> - User typed text

<SAMP> ... </SAMP> - A sequence of literal characters

<STRONG> ... </STRONG> - Strong typographic emphasis

<VAR> ... </VAR> - Indicates a variable name

Character formatting elements

<B> ... </B> - Boldface type

<I> ... </I> - Italics

<TT> ... </TT> - TypeType (or Teletype)

Character-level elements are used to specify either the logical meaning or the physical appearance of marked text without causing a paragraph break. Like most other elements, character-level elements include both opening and closing elements. Only the characters between the elements are affected:

This is <EM>emphasized</EM> text.

Character-level elements may be ignored by minimal HTML applications.

Character-level elements are interpreted from left to right as they appear in the flow of text. Level 1 HTML user agents must render highlighted text distinctly from plain text. Additionally, <EM> content must be rendered as distinct from <STRONG> content, and <B> content must rendered as distinct from <I> content.

Character-level elements may be nested within the content of other character-level elements; however, HTML user agents are not required to render nested character- level elements distinctly from non-nested elements:

plain <B>bold <I>italic</I></B>

may be rendered the same as

plain <B>bold </B><I>italic</I>

Note that typical renderings for information type elements vary between applications. If a specific rendering is necessary, for example, when referring to a specific text attribute as in "The italic parts are mandatory", a formating element can be used to ensure that the intended rendering is used where possible.


<CITE> ... </CITE>

Quick Reference

The Citation element specifies a citation; typically rendered as italics.

e.g. : This sentence, containing a <CITE>citation reference</CITE> would look like:

This sentence, containing a citation reference would look like:


<CODE> ... </CODE>

Quick Reference

The Code element indicates an example of code; typically rendered as monospaced . Do not confuse with the Preformatted Text element.

e.g. : This sentence contains an <CODE>example of code</CODE>.  It would look like :

This sentence contains an example of code.  It would look like :


<EM> ... </EM>

Quick Reference

The Emphasis element indicates typographic emphasis, typically rendered as italics.

e.g. : The <EM>Emphasis</EM> element typically renders as Italics.

would render :

The Emphasis element typically render as Italics.


<KBD> ... </KBD>

Quick Reference

The Keyboard element indicates text typed by a user; typically rendered as monospaced . It might commonly be used in an instruction manual.

e.g. : The text inside the <KBD>KBD element, would typically</KBD> render as monospaced font.

would render as :

The text inside the KBD element would typically render as monospaced font.


<SAMP> ... </SAMP>

Quick Reference

The Sample element indicates a sequence of literal characters; typically rendered as  monospaced.

e.g. : A sequence of <SAMP>literal characters</SAMP> commonly renders as monospaced font.

would render as :

A sequence of literal characters commonly renders as monospaced font.


<STRONG> ... </STRONG>

Quick Reference

The Strong element indicates strong typographic emphasis, typically rendered in bold.

e.g. : The instructions <STRONG>must be read</STRONG> before continuing.

would be rendered as :

The instructions must be read before continuing.


<VAR> ... </VAR>

Quick Reference

The Variable element indicates a variable name; typically rendered as italic.

e.g. : When coding, <VAR>LeftIndent()</VAR> must be a variable

would render as :

When coding LeftIndent() must be a variable.


<B> ... </B>

Quick Reference

The Bold element specifies that the text should be rendered in boldface, where available. Otherwise, alternative mapping is allowed.

e.g. : The instructions <B>must be read</B> before continuing.

would be rendered as :

The instructions must be read before continuing.


<I> ... </I>

Quick Reference

The Italic element specifies that the text should be rendered in italic font, where available. Otherwise, alternative mapping is allowed.

e.g. : Anything between the <I>I elements</I> should be italics.

would render as :

Anything between the I elements should be italics.


<TT> ... </TT>

Quick Reference

The Teletype element specifies that the text should be rendered in fixed-width typewriter font.

e.g : Text between the <TT> typetype elements</TT> should be rendered in fixed width typewriter font.

would render as :

Text between the typetype elements should be rendered in fixed width typewriter font.


<IMG...> In-line images

Attributes	See Also	Quick Reference

The Image element is used to incorporate in-line graphics (typically icons or small graphics) into an HTML document. This element cannot be used for embedding other HTML text.

HTML user agents that cannot render in-line images ignore the Image element unless it contains the ALT attribute. Note that some HTML user agents can render linked graphics but not in-line graphics. If a graphic is essential, you may want to create a link to it rather than to put it in-line. If the graphic is not essential, then the Image element is appropriate.

The Image element, which is empty (no closing element), has these attributes:

ALIGN

The ALIGN attribute accepts the values TOP or MIDDLE or BOTTOM, which specifies if the following line of text is aligned with the top, middle, or bottom of the graphic.

ALT

Optional text as an alternative to the graphic for rendering in non-graphical environments. Alternate text should be provided whenever the graphic is not rendered.  Alternate text is mandatory for Level 0 documents. Example of use:

<IMG SRC="triangle.gif" ALT="Warning:"> Be sure to read these instructions.

ISMAP

The ISMAP (is map) attribute identifies an image as an image map. Image maps are graphics in which certain regions are mapped to URLs. By clicking on different regions, different resources can be accessed from the same graphic. Example of use:

<A HREF="http://machine/htbin/imagemap/sample">

<IMG SRC="sample.gif" ISMAP>

</A>

NOTE : To be able to employ image maps in HTML documents, the HTTP server which will be controlling document access must have the correct cgi-bin software installed to control image map behaviour.

SRC

The value of the SRC attribute is the URL of the document to be embedded; only images can be embedded, not HTML text. Its syntax is the same as that of the HREF attribute of the <A> element. SRC is mandatory. Image elements are allowed within anchors.

Example of use:

<IMG SRC ="triangle.gif">Be sure to read these instructions.

NOTE :  The <IMG> element has received possibly the largest Netscape enhancement.


The following attributes are allowed

within the <IMG ...> element

ALIGN

ALT

ISMAP

SRC


Netscape enhancement to <IMG ...>


Forms

Quick Reference

The inclusion of the Form elements, allowing user input/feedback on HTML documents, was the major difference between the HTML specification 2.0 and its predecessors.

They are created by placing input fields within paragraphs, preformatted/literal text and lists.  This gives considerable flexibility in designing the layout of forms.

The following elements are used to create forms :

<FORM> ... </FORM> - A form within a document

<INPUT ...> ... </INPUT> - One input field

<OPTION> - One option within a Select element.

<SELECT> ... <SELECT> - A selection from a finite set of options

<TEXTAREA ...> ... </TEXTAREA> - A multi-line input field

Each variable field is defined by an INPUT, TEXTAREA, or OPTION element and must have a NAME attribute to identify its value in the data returned when the form is submitted.

Example of use (a questionnaire form):

<H3>Sample Questionnaire</H3>

<P>Please fill out this questionnaire:

<FORM METHOD="POST" ACTION="http://www.hal.com/sample">

<P>Your name: <INPUT NAME="name" size="48">

<P>Male <INPUT NAME="gender" TYPE=RADIO VALUE="male">

<P>Female <INPUT NAME="gender" TYPE=RADIO VALUE="female">

<P>Number in family: <INPUT NAME="family" TYPE=text>

<P>Cities in which you maintain a residence:

<UL>

<LI>Kent <INPUT NAME="city" TYPE=checkbox VALUE="kent">

<LI>Miami <INPUT NAME="city" TYPE=checkbox VALUE="miami">

<LI>Other <TEXTAREA NAME="other" cols=48 rows=4></textarea>

</UL>

Nickname: <INPUT NAME="nickname" SIZE="42">

<P>Thank you for responding to this questionnaire.

<P><INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT> <INPUT TYPE=RESET>

</FORM>

In the example above, the <P> and <UL> elements have been used to lay out the text and input fields. The HTML user agent is responsible for handling which field will currently get keyboard input.

Many platforms have existing conventions for forms, for example, using Tab and Shift keys to move the keyboard focus forwards and backwards between fields, and using the Enter key to submit the form. In the example, the SUBMIT and RESET buttons are specified explicitly with special purpose fields. The SUBMIT button is used to e-mail the form or send its contents to the server as specified by the ACTION attribute, while RESET resets the fields to their initial values. When the form consists of a single text field, it may be appropriate to leave such buttons out and rely on the Enter key.

The Input element is used for a large variety of types of input fields.  To let users enter more than one line of text, use the Textarea element.

Form-based file upload in HTML

There is currently another IETF Internet Draft (draft-ietf-html-fileupload-01.txt) that describes the suggested implementation of form based upload in HTML forms.  This suggestion is currently not supported by any browser and makes no suggestion as to whether it should be included inHTML 2.0, 2.1 or 3.0.  Hence it will not be covered in any detail.

Essentially, it is suggested to add a FILE option to the TYPE attribute of the INPUT element, allow an ACCEPT attribute for the INPUT element (which is a list of media types or type patterns allowed for the input) and to allow the ENCTYPE of a from to be multipart/form-data.

Such additions to the <FORM> element could prove invaluable for example, for companies providing technical support, or service providers, requesting data files.


<FORM> ... </FORM>

Attributes	See Also	Quick Reference

The Form element is used to delimit a data input form.  There can be several forms in a single document, but the Form element can't be nested.

The ACTION attribute is a URL specifying the location to which the contents of the form is submitted to elicit a response. If the ACTION attribute is missing, the URL of the document itself is assumed. The way data is submitted varies with the access protocol of the URL, and with the values of the METHOD and ENCTYPE attributes.

In general:

•	the METHOD attribute selects variations in the protocol.

•	the ENCTYPE attribute specifies the format of the submitted data in case the protocol does not impose a format itself.

The Level 2 specification defines and requires support for the HTTP access protocol only.

When the ACTION attribute is set to an HTTP URL, the METHOD attribute must be set to an HTTP method as defined by the HTTP method specification in the IETF draft HTTP standard. The default METHOD is GET, although for many applications, the POST method may be preferred.  With the post method, the ENCTYPE attribute is a MIME type specifying the format of the posted data; by default, is application/x-www-form-urlencoded.

Under any protocol, the submitted contents of the form logically consist of name/value pairs. The names are usually equal to the NAME attributes of the various interactive elements in the form.

NOTE: The names are not guaranteed to be unique keys, nor are the names of form elements required to be distinct. The values encode the user's input to the corresponding interactive elements. Elements capable of displaying a textual or numerical value will return a name/value pair even when they receive no explicit user input.


The following are all attributes

of the <FORM> element.

ACTION

METHOD

ENCTYPE

All are detailed on this page.


Other <FORM> elements :

<INPUT> Element

<OPTION> Element

<SELECT> Element

<TEXTAREA> Element


Forms - <INPUT>

Attributes	See Also	Quick Reference

The Input element represents a field whose contents may be edited by the user.

Attributes of the Input element:

ALIGN

Vertical alignment of the image. For use only with TYPE=IMAGE in HTML level 2. The possible values are exactly the same as for the ALIGN attribute of the image element.

CHECKED

Indicates that a checkbox or radio button is selected. Unselected checkboxes and radio buttons do not return name/value pairs when the form is submitted.

MAXLENGTH

Indicates the maximum number of characters that can be entered into a text field. This can be greater than specified by the SIZE attribute, in which case the field will scroll appropriately. The default number of characters is unlimited.

NAME

Symbolic name used when transferring the form's contents. The NAME attribute is required for most input types and is normally used to provide a unique identifier for a field, or for a logically related group of fields.

SIZE

Specifies the size or precision of the field according to its type. For example, to specify a field with a visible width of 24 characters:

INPUT TYPE=text SIZE="24"

SRC

A URL or URN specifying an image. For use only with TYPE=IMAGE in HTML Level 2.

TYPE

Defines the type of data the field accepts. Defaults to free text. Several types of fields can be defined with the type attribute:

CHECKBOX : Used for simple Boolean attributes, or for attributes that can take multiple values at the same time. The latter is represented by a number of checkbox fields each of which has the same name. Each selected checkbox generates a separate name/value pair in the submitted data, even if this results in duplicate names. The default value for checkboxes is "on".

HIDDEN : No field is presented to the user, but the content of the field is sent with the submitted form. This value may be used to transmit state information about client/server interaction.

IMAGE : An image field upon which you can click with a pointing device, causing the form to be immediately submitted. The coordinates of the selected point are measured in pixel units from the upper-left corner of the image, and are returned (along with the other contents of the form) in two name/value pairs. The x-coordinate is submitted under the name of the field with .x appended, and the y- coordinate is submitted under the name of the field with .y appended. Any VALUE attribute is ignored. The image itself is specified by the SRC attribute, exactly as for the Image element.

NOTE: In a future version of the HTML specification, the IMAGE functionality may be folded into an enhanced SUBMIT field.

PASSWORD is the same as the TEXT attribute, except that text is not displayed as it is entered.

RADIO is used for attributes that accept a single value from a set of alternatives. Each radio button field in the group should be given the same name. Only the selected radio button in the group generates a name/value pair in the submitted data. Radio buttons require an explicit VALUE attribute.

RESET is a button that when pressed resets the form's fields to their specified initial values. The label to be displayed on the button may be specified just as for the SUBMIT button.

SUBMIT is a button that when pressed submits the form.  You can use the VALUE attribute to provide a non- editable label to be displayed on the button.  The default label is application-specific.  If a SUBMIT button is pressed in order to submit the form, and that button has a NAME attribute specified, then that button contributes a name/value pair to the submitted data. Otherwise, a SUBMIT button makes no contribution to the  submitted data.

TEXT is used for a single line text entry fields. Use in conjunction with the SIZE and MAXLENGTH attributes. Use the Textarea element for text fields which can accept multiple lines.

VALUE

The initial displayed value of the field, if it displays a textual or numerical value; or the value to be returned when the field is selected, if it displays a Boolean value. This attribute is required for radio buttons.


The following are all allowed within

the <INPUT> element.

ALIGN

CHECKED

MAXLENGTH

NAME

SIZE

SRC

TYPE :

CHECKBOX; HIDDEN; IMAGE;

PASSWORD; RADIO; RESET;

SUBMIT; TEXT

VALUE


Other <FORM> elements :

<FORM> Element

<OPTION> Element

<SELECT> Element

<TEXTAREA> Element


Forms - <OPTION>

Attributes	See Also	Quick Reference

The Option element can only occur within a Select element. It represents one choice, and can take these attributes:

DISABLED

Proposed.

SELECTED

Indicates that this option is initially selected.

VALUE

When present indicates the value to be returned if this option is chosen. The returned value defaults to the contents of the Option element.

The contents of the Option element is presented to the user to represent the option. It is used as a returned value if the VALUE attribute is not present.


The following are all allowed

within the <OPTION> element

DISABLED

SELECTED

VALUE

All are detailed on this page .


Other <FORM> elements :

<FORM> Element

<INPUT> Element

<SELECT> Element

<TEXTAREA> Element


Forms - <SELECT ...> ... </SELECT>

Attributes	See Also	Quick Reference

The Select element allows the user to chose one of a set of alternatives described by textual labels. Every alternative is represented by the Option element.

Attributes are:

ERROR

Proposed.

MULTIPLE

The MULTIPLE attribute is needed when users are allowed to make several selections, e.g. <SELECT MULTIPLE>.

NAME

Specifies the name that will submitted as a name/value pair.

SIZE

Specifies the number of visible items. If this is greater than one, then the resulting form control will be a list.

The SELECT element is typically rendered as a pull down or pop-up list. For example:

<SELECT NAME="flavor">

<OPTION>Vanilla

<OPTION>Strawberry

<OPTION>Rum and Raisin

<OPTION>Peach and Orange

</SELECT>

If no option is initially marked as selected, then the first item listed is selected.


The following are al allowed within

the <SELECT> element

ERROR

MULTIPLE

NAME

SIZE

All are detailed on this page.


Other <FORM> elements :

<FORM> Element

<INPUT> Element

<OPTION> Element

<TEXTAREA> Element


Forms - <TEXTAREA> ... </TEXTAREA>

Attributes	See Also	Quick Reference

The Textarea element lets users enter more than one line of text. For example:

<TEXTAREA NAME="address" ROWS=64 COLS=6>

HaL Computer Systems

1315 Dell Avenue

Campbell, California 95008

</TEXTAREA>

The text up to the end element (</TEXTAREA>) is used to initialize the field's value. This end element is always required even if the field is initially blank. When submitting a form, lines in a TEXTAREA should be terminated using CR/LF.

In a typical rendering, the ROWS and COLS attributes determine the visible dimension of the field in characters. The field is rendered in a fixed-width font. HTML user agents should allow text to extend beyond these limits by scrolling as needed.

NOTE: In the initial design for forms, multi-line text fields were supported by the Input element with TYPE=TEXT. Unfortunately, this causes problems for fields with long text values. SGML's default (Reference Quantity Set) limits the length of attribute literals to only 240 characters. The HTML 2.0 SGML declaration increases the limit to 1024 characters.


The following are all allowed within

the <TEXTAREA> element

NAME

ROWS

COLS

All are detailed on this page.


Other <FORM> elements :

<FORM> Element

<INPUT> Element

<OPTION> Element

<SELECT> Element


Character Data

Quick Reference

The characters between HTML elements represent text. A HTML document (including elements and text) is encoded using the coded character set specified by the "charset" parameter of the "text/html" media type.  For levels defined in this specification, the "charset" parameter is restricted to "US-ASCII" or "ISO-8859-1". ISO-8859-1 encodes a set of characters known as Latin Alphabet No. 1, or simply Latin-1.  Latin-1 includes characters from most Western European languages, as well as a number of control characters.  Latin-1 also includes a non-breaking space, a soft hyphen indicator, 93 graphical characters, 8 unassigned characters, and 25 control characters.

Because non-breaking space and soft hyphen indicator are not recognized and interpreted by all HTML user agents, their use is discouraged.

There are 58 character positions occupied by control characters. See Control Characters for details on the interpretation of control characters.

Because certain special characters are subject to interpretation and special processing, information providers and HTML user agent implementors should follow the guidelines in the Special Characters section.

In addition, HTML provides character entity references and numerical character references to facilitate the entry and interpretation of characters by name and by numerical position.

Because certain characters will be interpreted as markup, they must be represented by entity references as described in character and/or numerical references.


Special Characters

Quick Reference

Certain characters have special meaning in HTML documents.  There are two printing characters which may be interpreted by an HTML application to have an effect of the format of the text:

Space

•	Interpreted as a word space (place where a line can be broken) in all contexts except the Preformatted Text element.

•	Interpreted as a nonbreaking space within the Preformatted Text element.

Hyphen

•	Interpreted as a hyphen glyph in all contexts

•	Interpreted as a potential word space by hyphenation engine

The following entity names are used in HTML, always prefixed by ampersand (&) and followed by a semicolon. They represent particular graphic characters which have special meanings in places in the markup, or may not be part of the character set available to the writer.

The following table lists each of the supported characters specified in the Numeric and Special Graphic entity set, along with its name, syntax for use, and description. This list is derived from ISO Standard 8879:1986//ENTITIES Numeric and Special Graphic//EN however HTML does not provide support for the entire entity set. Only the entities listed below are supported.

	Glyph	Name	Syntax	Description
	<	lt	&lt	Less than sign
	>	gt	&gt	Greater than sign
	&	amp	&amp	Ampersand
	"	quot	&quot	Double quote sign


Control Characters

Quick Reference

Control characters are non-printable characters that are typically used for communication and device control, as format effectors, and as information separators.

In SGML applications, the use of control characters is limited in order to maximize the chance of successful interchange over heterogenous networks and operating systems. In HTML, only three control characters are used: Horizontal Tab (HT, encoded as 9 decimal in US-ASCII and ISO-8859-1), Carriage Return, and Line Feed.

Horizontal Tab is interpreted as a word space in all contexts except preformatted text. Within preformatted text, the tab should be interpreted to shift the horizontal column position to the next position which is a multiple of 8 on the same line; that is, col := (col+8) mod 8.

Carriage Return and Line Feed are conventionally used to represent end of line. For Internet Media Types defined as "text/*", the sequence CR LF is used to represent an end of line. In practice, text/html documents are frequently represented and transmitted using an end of line convention that depends on the conventions of the source of the document; frequently, that representation consists of CR only, LF only, or CR LF combination. In HTML, end of line in any of its variations is interpreted as a word space in all contexts except preformatted text. Within preformatted text, HTML interpreting agents should expect to treat any of the three common representations of end-of-line as starting a new line.


Numeric Character References

See Also	Quick Reference

In addition to any mechanism by which characters may be represented by the encoding of the HTML document, it is possible to explicitly reference the printing characters of the ISO-8859-1 character encoding using a numeric character reference.

Two reasons for using a numeric character reference:

•	the keyboard does not provide a key for the character, such as on U.S. keyboards which do not provide European characters

•	the character may be interpreted as SGML coding, such as the ampersand (&), double quotes ("), the lesser (<) and greater (>) characters

Numeric character references are represented in an HTML document as SGML entities whose name is number sign (#) followed by a numeral from 32-126 and 161-255. The HTML DTD includes a numeric character for each of the printing characters of the ISO-8859-1 encoding, so that one may reference them by number if it is inconvenient to enter them directly:

the ampersand (&#38;), double quotes (&#34;), lesser (&#60;) and greater (&#62;) characters

The following entity names are used in HTML, always prefixed by ampersand (&) and followed by a semicolon.  This list, sorted numerically, is derived from ISO-8859-1 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character set:

	Reference	Description
	&#00- &#08	Unused
	&#09	Horizontal tab
	&#10	Line feed
	&#11 - &#31	Unused
	&#32	Space
	&#33	Exclamation mark
	&#34	Quotation mark
	&#35	Number sign
	&#36	Dollar sign
	&#37	Percent sign
	&#38	Ampersand
	&#39	Apostrophe
	&#40	Left parenthesis
	&#41	Right parenthesis
	&#42	Asterisk
	&#43	Plus sign
	&#44	Comma
	&#45	Hyphen
	&#46	Period (fullstop)
	&#47	Solidus (slash)
	&#48- &#57	Digits 0-9
	&#58	Colon
	&#59	Semi-colon
	&#60	Less than
	&#61	Equals aign
	&#62	Greater than
	&#63	Question mark
	&#64	Commercial at
	&#91	Left square bracket
	&#92	Reverse solidus (backslash)
	&#93	Right square bracket
	&#94	Caret
	&#95	Horizontal bar
	&#96	Acute accent
	&#97- &#122	Letters a-z
	&#123	Left curly brace
	&#124	Vertical bar
	&#125	Right curly brace
	&#126	Tilde
	&#127 - &#160	Unused
	&#161	Inverted exclamation
	&#162	Cent sign
	&#163	Pound sterling
	&#164	General currency sign
	&#165	Yen sign
	&#166	Broken vertical bar
	&#167	Section sign
	&#168	Umlaut (dieresis)
	&#169	Copyright
	&#170	Feminine ordinal
	&#171	Left angle quote, guillemotleft
	&#172	Not sign
	&#173	Soft hyphen
	&#174	Registered trademark
	&#175	Macron accent
	&#176	Degree sign
	&#177	Plus or minus
	&#178	Superscript two
	&#179	Superscript three
	&#180	Acute accent
	&#181	Micro sign
	&#182	Paragraph sign
	&#183	Middle dot
	&#184	Cedilla
	&#185	Superscript one
	&#186	Masculine ordinal
	&#187	Right angle quote, guillemotright
	&#188	Fraction one-fourth
	&#189	Fraction one-half
	&#190	Fraction three-fourths
	&#191	Inverted question mark
	&#192	Capital A, acute accent
	&#193	Capital A, grave accent
	&#194	Capital A, circumflex accent
	&#195	Capital A, tilde
	&#196	Capital A, ring
	&#197	Capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark
	&#198	Capital AE dipthong (ligature)
	&#199	Capital C, cedilla
	&#200	Capital E, acute accent
	&#201	Capital E, grave accent
	&#202	Capital E, circumflex accent
	&#203	Capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark
	&#204	Capital I, acute accent
	&#205	Capital I, grave accent
	&#206	Capital I, circumflex accent
	&#207	Capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark
	&#208	Capital Eth, Icelandic
	&#209	Capital N, tilde
	&#210	Capital O, acute accent
	&#211	Capital O, grave accent
	&#212	Capital O, circumflex accent
	&#213	Capital O, tilde
	&#214	Capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark
	&#215	Multiply sign
	&#216	Capital O, slash
	&#217	Capital U, acute accent
	&#218	Capital U, grave accent
	&#219	Capital U, circumflex accent
	&#220	Capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark
	&#221	Capital Y, acute accent
	&#222	Capital THORN, Icelandic
	&#223	Small sharp s, German (sz ligature)
	&#224	Small a, acute accent
	&#225	Small a, grave accent
	&#226	Small a, circumflex accent
	&#227	Small a, tilde
	&#228	Small a, dieresis or umlaut mark
	&#229	Small a, ring
	&#230	Small ae dipthong (ligature)
	&#231	Small c, cedilla
	&#232	Small e, acute accent
	&#233	Small e, grave accent
	&#234	Small e, circumflex accent
	&#235	Small e, dieresis or umlaut mark
	&#236	Small i, acute accent
	&#237	Small i, grave accent
	&#238	Small i, circumflex accent
	&#239	Small i, dieresis or umlaut mark
	&#240	Small eth, Icelandic
	&#241	Small n, tilde
	&#242	Small o, acute accent
	&#243	Small o, grave accent
	&#244	Small o, circumflex accent
	&#245	Small o, tilde
	&#246	Small o, dieresis or umlaut mark
	&#247	Division sign
	&#248	Small o, slash
	&#249	Small u, acute accent
	&#250	Small u, grave accent
	&#251	Small u, circumflex accent
	&#252	Small u, dieresis or umlaut mark
	&#253	Small y, acute accent
	&#254	Small thorn, Icelandic
	&#255	Small y, dieresis or umlaut mark


Character Entity References


Character Entity References

See Also	Quick Reference

Many of the Latin alphabet No. 1 set of printing characters may be represented within the text of an HTML document by a character entity.

Two reasons for using a character entity:

•	the keyboard does not provide a key for the character, such as on U.S. keyboards which do not provide European characters

•	the character may be interpreted as SGML coding, such as the ampersand (&), double quotes ("), the lesser (<) and greater (>) characters

A character entity is represented in an HTML document as an SGML entity whose name is defined in the HTML DTD. The HTML DTD includes a character entity for each of the SGML markup characters and for each of the printing characters in the upper half of Latin-1, so that one may reference them by name if it is inconvenient to enter them directly:

the ampersand (&amp;), double quotes (&quot;), lesser (&lt;) and greater (&gt;) characters

Kurt G&ouml;del was a famous logician and mathematician.

NOTE: To ensure that a string of characters is not interpreted as markup, represent all occurrences of <, >, and & by character or entity references.

NOTE: There are SGML features, CDATA and RCDATA, to allow most <, >, and & characters to be entered without the use of entity or character references. Because these features tend to be used and implemented inconsistently, and because they require 8-bit characters to represent non-ASCII characters, they are not used in this version of the HTML DTD. An earlier HTML specification included an Example element (<XMP>) whose syntax is not expressible in SGML. No markup was recognized inside of the Example element except the </XMP> end element. While HTML user agents are encouraged to support this idiom, its use is deprecated.

The following entity names are used in HTML, always prefixed by ampersand (&) and followed by a semicolon.  The following table lists each of the characters specified in the Added Latin 1 entity set, along with its name, syntax for use, and description. This list is derived from ISO Standard 8879:1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN. HTML supports the entire entity set.

	Name	Syntax	Description
	Aacute	&Aacute	Capital A, acute accent
	Agrave	&Agrave	Capital A, grave accent
	Acirc	&Acirc	Capital A, circumflex accent
	Atilde	&Atilde	Capital A, tilde
	Aring	&Aring	Capital A, ring
	Auml	&Auml	Capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark
	AElig	&AElig	Capital AE dipthong (ligature)
	Ccedil	&Ccedil	Capital C, cedilla
	Eacute	&Eacute	Capital E, acute accent
	Egrave	&Egrave	Capital E, grave accent
	Ecirc	&Ecirc	Capital E, circumflex accent
	Euml	&Euml	Capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark
	Iacute	&Iacute	Capital I, acute accent
	Igrave	&Igrave	Capital I, grave accent
	Icirc	&Icirc	Capital I, circumflex accent
	Iuml	&Iuml	Capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark
	ETH	&ETH	Capital Eth, Icelandic
	Ntilde	&Ntilde	Capital N, tilde
	Oacute	&Oacute	Capital O, acute accent
	Ograve	&Ograve	Capital O, grave accent
	Ocirc	&Ocirc	Capital O, circumflex accent
	Otilde	&Otilde	Capital O, tilde
	Ouml	&Ouml	Capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark
	Oslash	&Oslash	Capital O, slash
	Uacute	&Uacute	Capital U, acute accent
	Ugrave	&Ugrave	Capital U, grave accent
	Ucirc	&Ucirc	Capital U, circumflex accent
	Uuml	&Uuml	Capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark;
	Yacute	&Yacute	Capital Y, acute accent
	THORN	&THORN	Capital THORN, Icelandic
	Szlig	&szlig	Small sharp s, German (sz ligature)
	aacute	&aacute	Small a, acute accent
	agrave	&agrave	Small a, grave accent
	acirc	&acirc	Small a, circumflex accent
	atilde	&atilde	Small a, tilde
	aring	&aring	Small a, ring
	auml	&auml	Small a, dieresis or umlaut mark
	aelig	&aelig	Small ae dipthong (ligature
	ccedil	&ccedil	Small c, cedilla
	eacute	&eacute	Small e, acute accent
	egrave	&egrave	Small e, grave accent
	ecirc	&ecirc	Small e, circumflex accent
	euml	&euml	Small e, dieresis or umlaut mark
	iacute	&iacute	Small i, acute accent
	igrave	&igrave	Small i, grave accent
	icirc	&icirc	Small i, circumflex accent
	iuml	&iuml	Small i, dieresis or umlaut mark
	eth	&eth	Small eth, Icelandic
	ntilde	&ntilde	Small n, tilde
	oacute	&oacute	Small o, acute accent
	ograve	&ograve	Small o, grave accent
	ocirc	&ocirc	Small o, circumflex accent
	otilde	&otilde	Small o, tilde
	ouml	&ouml	Small o, dieresis or umlaut mark
	oslash	&oslash	Small o, slash
	uacute	&uacute	Small u, acute accent
	ugrave	&ugrave	Small u, grave accent
	ucirc	&ucirc	Small u, circumflex accent
	uuml	&uuml	Small u, dieresis or umlaut mark
	yacute	&yacute	Small y, acute accent
	thorn	&thorn	Small thorn, Icelandic
	yuml	&yuml	Small y, dieresis or umlaut mark
	reg	&reg	Registered TradeMark
	copy	&copy	Copyright
	trade	&trade	TradeMark
NOTE :  The last three character entities are only supported in recent versions of Mosaic and Netscape .  They may not appear as planned in early versions of these, or different browsers.


Numerical Character References


Obsolete and Proposed features

Elements	Quick Reference

Obsolete Features

This section describes elements that are no longer part of HTML. Client implementors should implement these obsolete elements for compatibility with previous versions of the HTML specification.

Comment

The Comment element is used to delimit unneeded text and comments. The Comment element has been introduced in some HTML applications but should be replaced by the SGML comment feature in new HTML user agents

Highlighted Phrase

The Highlighted Phrase element (<HP>) should be ignored if not implemented. This element has been replaced by more meaningful elements.  (See here)

Example of use:

<HP1>first highlighted phrase</HP1>non highlighted text<HP2>second highlighted phrase</HP2> etc.

Plain Text

The Plain Text element is used to terminate the HTML entity and to indicate that what follows is not SGML which does not require parsing. Instead, an old HTTP convention specified that what followed was an ASCII (MIME "text/plain") body. Its presence is an optimization. There is no closing element.

Example of use:

<PLAINTEXT>

0001 This is line one of a long listing

0002 file from <ANY@HOST.INC.COM> which is sent

Example and Listing

<XMP> ... </XMP> and <LISTING> ... </LISTING>

The Example element and Listing elements have been replaced by the Preformatted Text element.  These styles allow text of fixed-width characters to be embedded absolutely as is into the document. The syntax is:

<LISTING>

...

</LISTING>

or

<XMP>

...

</XMP>

The text between these elements is typically rendered in a monospaced font so that any formatting done by character spacing on successive lines will be maintained.

Between the opening and closing elements:

•	The text may contain any ISO Latin-1 printable characters, expect for the end element opener. The Example and Listing elements have historically used specifications which do not conform to SGML.  Specifically, the text may contain ISO Latin printable characters, including the element opener, as long it they does not contain the closing element in full.

•	SGML does not support this form. HTML user agents may vary on how they interpret other elements within Example and Listing elements.

•	Line boundaries within the text are rendered as a move to the beginning of the next line, except for one immediately following a start element or immediately preceding an end element.

•	The horizontal tab character must be interpreted as the smallest positive nonzero number of spaces which will leave the number of characters so far on the line as a multiple of 8. Its use is not recommended.

The Listing element is rendered so that at least 132 characters fit on a line. The Example element is rendered to that at least 80 characters fit on a line but is otherwise identical to the Listing element.

Proposed Features

This section describes proposed HTML elements and entities that are not currently supported under HTML Levels 0, 1, or 2, but may be supported in the future.

Defining Instance

<DFN> ... </DFN>

The Defining Instance element indicates the defining instance of a term. The typical rendering is bold or bold italic. This element is not widely supported.

Special Characters

To indicate special characters, HTML uses entity or numeric representations. Additional character presentations are proposed:

	Character	Representation
	Non-breaking space	&nbsp
	Soft-hyphen	&shy
	Registered	&reg
	Copyright	&copy

Strike

<STRIKE> ... </STRIKE>

The Strike element is proposed to indicate strikethrough, a font style in which a horizontal line appears through characters. This element is not widely supported.

Underline

<U> ... </U>

The Underline element is proposed to indicate that the text should be rendered as underlined. This proposed element is not supported by all HTML user agents.

Example of use:

The text <U>shown here</U> is rendered in the document as underlined.


The following elements are covered on this page :

<!-- ...--> 	: Comments

<HP> 	: Highlighted phrases

<PLAINTEXT> 	: Text to be ignored by the parser

<XMP> 	: Fixed width formatting

<LISTING> 	: Fixed width formatting

<DFN> 	: Defining Instance

<STRIKE> 	: Strike through text

<U> 	: Underlined text.


<!-- Comments -->

Quick Reference

To include comments in an HTML document that will be ignored by the HTML user agent, surround them with <!-- and -->. After the comment delimiter, all text up to the next occurrence of --> is ignored. Hence comments cannot be nested. White space is allowed between the closing -- and >, but not between the opening <! and --.

For example:

<HEAD>

<TITLE Guide: Recommended Usage</TITLE>

<!-- Id: Text.html,v 1.6 1994/04/25 17:33:48 connolly Exp -->

</HEAD>

NOTE: Some historical HTML user agents incorrectly consider a > sign to terminate a comment.


Netscape Extensions to HTML

Quick Reference

At the time of writing, the Netscape Navigator is the most widely-used browser on the Internet. However, they are facing increasingly tough competition, particularly from the large online services like CompuServe, America Online, Prodigy, and the Microsoft Network, who provide their users with custom browsing software. It used to be a rule of thumb in web design that 80% of people viewing your pages would do so with Netscape; however, this is no longer such a sure thing.

Netscape introduced many new HTML elements that aren′t defined in the official HTML specification and supported various extensions to elements that are defined in the specification as defined by the HTML working group.

Here, all extensions and additions to the HTML 2.0 specification are considered, as well as some of the extensions that are supported in the more recent versions of Netscape (1.1 beta 1 and above), that the Netscape authors are hoping will be implemented into HTML level 3.0 (or HTML+).

Extensions to existing elements in HTML 2.0

Additions to HTML 2.0

Proposed HTML 3.0 elements

Background

Dynamic document updating

See also

Microsoft Extensions to HTML


Netscape Specific Extensions to existing Elements

Quick Reference

The following HTML 2.0 elements have all received extra attributes which are supported by Netscape , versions 1.0 and above.

NOTE : The new attributes that are supported by Netscape browsers may only be supported by Netscape browsers.  Take care with document styling.  If the user is not using Netscape , their view of the document may not be what you intended.

<ISINDEX>

<HR>

<UL>

<OL>

<LI>

<IMG>

<BR>


Netscape extension to <ISINDEX>
Netscape extensions to <ISINDEX>

See Also	Quick Reference

To the <ISINDEX> element Netscape authors have added the PROMPT attribute.  <ISINDEX> indicates that a document is a searchable index.

PROMPT has been added so that text, chosen by the author, can be placed before the text input field of the index.  This allows any author chosen message to replace the default text of :

This is a searchable index. Enter search keywords


<ISINDEX> Element


Netscape extension to <HR>
Netscape extensions to <HR>

New Attributes	See Also	Quick Reference

The <HR> element specifies that a horizontal rule of some sort (The default being a shaded engraved line) be drawn across the page.  To this element Netscape have added 4 new attributes which allow the document author to describe how the horizontal rule should look.

<HR SIZE=number>

The SIZE attributes lets the author give an indication of how thick they wish the horizontal rule to be.

<HR WIDTH=number|percent>

The default horizontal rule is always as wide as the page.  With the WIDTH attribute, the author can specify an exact width in pixels, or a relative width measured in percent of document width.

<HR ALIGN=left|right|center>

Now that horizontal rules do not have to be the width of the page it is necessary to allow the author to specify whether they should be pushed up against the left margin, the right margin, or centered in the page.

<HR NOSHADE>

Finally, for those times when a solid bar is required, the NOSHADE attribute lets the author specify that the horizontal rule should not be shaded at all.


The following <HR> render as shown

<HR SIZE=5 WIDTH=200 ALIGN=Left>

<HR SIZE=5 WIDTH=200 ALIGN=Right>

<HR SIZE=5 WIDTH=200 ALIGN=Center>

<HR SIZE=10 WIDTH=100 ALIGN=Center>

<HR SIZE=10 WIDTH=100 ALIGN=Center NOSHADE>

NOTE : The page side bars are shown to emphasise the line

positioning on the page.


Netscape supports these additional attributes

to the <HR> element

SIZE

WIDTH

ALIGN

NOSHADE

All are detailed on this page


<HR> Element


Netscape extension to <UL>
Netscape extensions to <UL>

See Also	Quick Reference

The basic bulleted list has a default progression of bullet types that changes as you move through indented levels. From a solid disc, to a circle to a square.  Netscape authors have added a TYPE attribute to the <UL> element so that no matter what the indent level the bullet type can be specified thus :

TYPE=disc

TYPE=circle

TYPE=square


NOTE : The types disc and circle appear the same when rendered.

TYPE=disc/circle:

TYPE=square:


<UL> Element


Netscape extension to <OL>
Netscape extensions to <OL>

See Also	Quick Reference

The average ordered list counts 1, 2, 3, ... etc.  Netscape authors have added the TYPE attribute to this element to allow authors to specify whether the list items should be marked with:

(TYPE=A) - capital letters.  e.g. A, B, C ...

(TYPE=a) - small letters.  e.g. a, b, c ...

(TYPE=I) - large roman numerals.  e.g. I, II, III ...

(TYPE=i) - small roman numerals.  e.g. i, ii, iii ...

(TYPE=1) - or the default numbers.  e.g. 1, 2, 3 ...

For lists that wish to start at values other than 1 the new attribute START is available.

START is always specified in the default numbers, and will be converted based on TYPE before display.  Thus START=5 would display either an 'E', 'e', 'V', 'v', or '5' based on the TYPE attribute.


The following Ordered List, was rendered using TYPE=a START=3


<OL> Element


Netscape extension to <LI>
Netscape extensions to <LI>

See Also	Quick Reference

To give even more flexibility to lists, Netscape authors have added the TYPE attribute to the <LI> element as well.  It takes the same values as either <UL> or <OL> depending on the type of list you are in, and it changes the list type for that item, and all subsequent items. For ordered lists we have also added the VALUE element so you can change the count, for that list item and all subsequent.


<OL> Ordered List Element

<UL> Unordered List Element


Netscape extension to <IMG...>
Netscape extensions to <IMG...>

New Attributes	See Also	Quick Reference

The <IMG ...> attribute is probably the most extended element.

<IMG ALIGN= left|right|top|texttop|middle|

absmiddle|baseline|bottom|absbottom>

The additions to your ALIGN options needs a lot of explanation.  First, the values "left" and "right".  Images with those alignments are an entirely new floating image type.

ALIGN=left image will float the image down and over to the left margin (into the next available space there), and subsequent text will wrap around the right hand side of that image.

ALIGN=right will align the image aligns with the right margin, and the text wraps around the left.

ALIGN=top aligns itself with the top of the tallest item in the line.

ALIGN=texttop aligns itself with the top of the tallest text in the line (this is usually but not always the same as ALIGN=top).

ALIGN=middle aligns the baseline of the current line with the middle of the image.

ALIGN=absmiddle aligns the middle of the current line with the middle of the image.

ALIGN=baseline aligns the bottom of the image with the baseline of the current line.

ALIGN=bottom aligns the bottom of the image with the baseline of the current line.

ALIGN=absbottom aligns the bottom of the image with the bottom of the current line.

<IMG WIDTH=value HEIGHT=value>

The WIDTH and HEIGHT attributes were added to <IMG ...> mainly to speed up display of the document.  If the author specifies these, the viewer of their document will not have to wait for the image to be loaded over the network and its size calculated.

<IMG BORDER=value>

This lets the document author control the thickness of the border around an image displayed.

Warning: setting BORDER=0 on images that are also part of anchors may confuse your users as they are used to a colored border indicating an image is an anchor.

<IMG VSPACE=value HSPACE=value>

For the floating images it is likely that the author does not want them pressing up against the text wrapped around the image. VSPACE controls the vertical space above and below the image, while HSPACE controls the horizontal space to the left and right of the image.

LOWSRC

Using the LOWSRC attribute, it is possible to use two images in the same space.  The syntax is :

<IMG SRC="highres.gif" LOWSRC="lowres.jpg">

Browsers that do not recognize the LOWSRC attribute cleanly ignore it and simply load the image called "highres.gif".

The Netscape Navigator, on the other hand, will load the image called "lowres.jpg" on its first layout pass through the document. Then, when the document and all of its images are fully loaded, the Netscape Navigator will do a second pass through and load the image called "highres.gif" in place. This means that you can have a very low-resolution version of an image loaded initially; if the user stays on the page after the initial layout phase, a higher-resolution (and presumably bigger) version of the same image can "fade in" and replace it.

Both GIF (both normal and interlaced) and JPEG images can be freely interchanged using this method. You can also specify width and/or height values in the IMG element, and both the high-res and low-res versions of the image will be appropriately scaled to match.

If the images are of different sizes and a fixed height and width are not specified in the IMG element, the second image (the image specified by the SRC attribute) will be scaled to the dimensions of the first (LOWSRC) image.  This is because by the time the Netscape Navigator knows the dimensions of the second image, the first image has already been displayed in the document at its normal dimensions.


Netscape supports these additional attributes

to the <IMG ...> element

New alignments

WIDTH

HEIGHT

BORDER

VSPACE

HSPACE

LOWSRC


<IMG ...> Element


Netscape extension to <BR>

See Also	Quick Reference

With the addition of floating images, it was necessary to expand the <BR> element.  Normal <BR> still just inserts a line break. A CLEAR attribute has been added to <BR>, so :

CLEAR=left will break the line, and move vertically down until you have a clear left margin (no floating images).

CLEAR=right does the same for the right margin.

CLEAR=all moves down until both margins are clear of images.

NOTE : The screenshots on the Netscape extensions to <IMG> pages use <BR CLEAR=left> and <BR CLEAR=right> respectively.


<BR> Line Break Element


Netscape Specific Additions to HTML 2.0

Quick Reference

The following elements are all new .  They are not part of the Official HTML specification for level 2.0, but are supported by Netscape , versions 1.1 and above and may appear in the finalised HTML 3.0 specification.

NOTE : The new attributes that are supported by Netscape browsers may only be supported by Netscape browsers.  Take care with document styling.  If the user is not using Netscape , their view of the document may not be what you intended.

<NOBR>

<WBR>

<FONT SIZE ...>

<BASEFONT SIZE ...>

<CENTER>

<BLINK>

<EMBED>


Netscape addition - <NOBR>

See Also	Quick Reference

The <NOBR> element stands for NO BReak.  This means all the text between the start and end of the <NOBR> elements cannot have line breaks inserted.  While <NOBR> is essential for those character sequences that don't want to be broken, please be careful; long text strings inside of <NOBR> elements can look rather odd.  Especially if during viewing, the user adjust the page size by altering the window size.


Netscape addition - <WBR>

See Also	Quick Reference

The <WBR> element stands for Word BReak.  This is for the very rare case when a <NOBR> section requires an exact break.  Also, it can be used any time the Netscape Navigator can be helped by telling it where a word is allowed to be broken.  The <WBR> element does not force a line break (<BR> does that) it simply lets the Netscape Navigator know where a line break is allowed to be inserted if needed.


Netscape addition - <FONT SIZE ...>

See Also	Quick Reference

Netscape 1.0 and above supports different sized fonts within HTML documents.  This should be distinguished from Headings.

The new element is <FONT SIZE=value>.  Valid values range from 1-7.  The default FONT size is 3.  The value given to size can optionally have a '+' or '-' character in front of it to specify that it is relative the the document baseFONT.  The default baseFONT is 3, and can be changed with the <BASEFONT SIZE ...> element.

e.g.

<FONT SIZE=4> changes the font size to 4 </FONT>

<FONT SIZE=+2> changes the font size to <BASEFONT SIZE ...> + 2 </FONT>


Other Netscape additions to HTML 2.0

Setting the <BASEFONT> size


Netscape addition - <BASEFONT SIZE ...>

See Also	Quick Reference

This changes the size of the BASEFONT that all relative <FONT SIZE ...> changes are based on.  It defaults to 3, and has a valid range of 1-7.

e.g. <BASEFONT SIZE=5>


Other Netscape additions to HTML 2.0

Changing the <FONT SIZE>


Netscape addition - <CENTER>

See Also	Quick Reference

All lines of text between the begin and end of the <CENTER> element are centered between the current left and right margins.  A new element has been introduced rather than using the proposed <P ALIGN= CENTER>  because using <P ALIGN= CENTER > breaks many existing browsers when the <P> element is used as a container.  The <P ALIGN= CENTER > element is also less general and does not support all cases where centering may be desired.

<CENTER>All this text would be centered in the page</CENTER>


Other Netscape additions to HTML 2.0

HTML 3.0 - Paragraph alignment


Netscape addition - <BLINK>

See Also	Quick Reference

Surrounding any text with this element will cause the selected text to blink on the viewing page.  This can serve to add extra emphasis to selected text.

<BLINK>This text would blink on the page</BLINK>


Other Netscape additions to HTML 2.0


Netscape Addition - <EMBED>

Quick Reference

NOTE : This tag is only recognised by the Windows version of Netscape Navigator, versions 1.1 and above.

The <EMBED> element allows you to put documents directly into an HTML page.

The syntax is:

<EMBED SRC="images/embed.bmp">

The <EMBED> element will allow you to embed documents of any type. Your user only needs to have an application which can view the data installed correctly on their machine.

If a width and height are specified, the embedded object is scaled to fit the available space. For example this is the same bitmap as above, scaled:

<EMBED SRC="images/embed.bmp" WIDTH=250 HEIGHT=50>

Embedded objects can be activated by double clicking them in the Netscape window.  The application that supports use of the embedded object will be launched, with the object present.

NOTE : Using the <EMBED> element, you should be sure that the user will have a suitable application available that is OLE compliant.  Otherwise, the HTML document will not be displayed as hoped.  Essentially this element produces the same results as embedding objects in Word for Windows - the object is displayed, and can be edited in a suitable application by double clicking on the object.


HTML 3.0

Quick Reference

When the HTML specification level 3.0 is finally decided upon, it is likely that one of the most notable improvement over level 2.0 will be the inclusion of standardised elements allowing the user to create tables.  While this specification has not yet been finalised, it hasn′t stopped both Netscape and Mosaic authors inplementing table support for their WWW browser.  While such support is present, it should be used with care.  As fast as authors are implementing support, the specification is changing and when designing WWW pages, you cannot envisage what version of what browser the user is using.

Also, adding alignment attributes to both Headings and Paragraph elements is proposed in HTML 3.0.  At present, Netscape supports the <CENTER> element, as opposed to the <P ALIGN=...> element, currently supported by Mosaic 2.0b4 and proposed for the official HTML 3.0 specification.

NOTE : Elements detailed here may only be supported by the most recent HTML browsers.  It cannot be guaranteed which version of any browser users will be using.  This should be foremost in the minds of HTML authors when constructing HTML documents.


HTML 3.0 - Heading alignment

See Also	Quick Reference

Included in the proposed HTML level 3.0 specification is the ability to align Headings

Basically, ALIGN=left|center|right attributes have been added to the <H1> to <H6> elements.  e.g :

<H1 ALIGN=center>Hello, this is a heading</H1>

would align a heading of style 1 in the centre of the page.

NOTE : This element is currently only supported by Mosaic 2.0 beta 4.


<H> Heading elements


HTML 3.0 - Paragraph alignment

See Also	Quick Reference

Included in the proposed HTML level 3.0 specification is the ability to align paragraphs

Basically, ALIGN=left|center|right attributes have been added to the <P> element.

e.g :

<P ALIGN=LEFT> ... </P>

All text with in the paragraph will be aligned to the left side of the page layout. This setting is equal to the default <P> element.

<P ALIGN=CENTER> ... </P>

All text within the paragraph will be aligned to the center of the page.

<P ALIGN=RIGHT> ... </P>

All text will be aligned to the right side of the page.

NOTE: To account for the commonly used yet non-standard <CENTER> element, Mosaic (2.0b4) will change the default ALIGN=LEFT attribute of all paragraph and header elements to ALIGN=CENTER until a </CENTER> element is read.  Mosaic will also allow internally defined alignment attributes to take precedence over a wrapping CENTER element. Mosaic authors would like to encourage all HTML authors to conform to the HTML 3.0 way of centering HTML and no longer use the non-standard <CENTER> element.


<P> Paragraph element

<CENTER> element


Tables

Quick Reference

At present, the table HTML elements are :

<TABLE> ... </TABLE> - The Table delimiter.

<TR ...> ... </TR> - Used to specify number of rows in a table.

<TD ...> ... </TD> - Specifies table data cells.

<TH ...> ... </TH> - Table Header cell.

<CAPTION ...> ... </CAPTION> - Specifies the table Caption.

NOTE : Some of the attributes of these elements are at present not included in the sketchy specification for level 3.0 HTML and may only be supported by Netscape browsers (recent versions).  Such attributes are marked with a *.

e.g.  *CELLSPACING=*

If these details are too confusing, there is also a graphical guide to Tables.

Some considerations about Tables

Blank cells which contain no displayable elements are not given borders. If a bordered but empty cell is required, put either a blank line or a non-breaking space in the cell. (<td>&nbsp;</td> or <td><br></td>)

The proposed HTML 3.0 spec. allows you to abuse row and column spans to create tables whose cells must overlap.  Until this specification is finalised,don't do this, it looks awful.

Eventuall, you may create a cell containing an image and it will possibly be rendered with the image off-centre.  The reason for this could be due to the HTML being written like :

<TD>

<IMG SRC="url">

</TD>

That extra whitespace inside the cell and around the image gets collapsed into single space characters.  It is these spaces (whose baselines by default align with the bottom of the image) that make the cell look lopsided.  Instead, use :1

<TD><IMG SRC="url"></TD>

Also, please consider the user.  If theyre not using a recent browser that supports table elements, then page design will be completely lost.  At present, use tables with caution


<TABLE> ... </TABLE>

Attributes	See Also	Quick Reference

This is the main wrapper for all the other table elements, and other table elements will be ignored if they aren't wrapped inside of a <TABLE> ... <TABLE> element.  By default tables have no borders, borders will be added if the BORDER attribute is specified.  At the time of writing, the <TABLE> element has an implied linebreak both before and after it.  This is expected to change, allowing as much control over placement of tables as is currently available for the placement of images.  Aligning them to various positions in a line of text, as well as shifting them to the left or right margins and wrapping text around them.

The <TABLE> element has the following attributes :

BORDER

This attribute appears in the <TABLE> element.  If present, borders are drawn around all table cells.  If absent, there are no borders, but by default space is left for borders, so the same table with and without the BORDER attribute will have the same width.

*BORDER=<value>*

By allowing the BORDER attribute to take a value, the document author gains two things.  First they gain the ability to emphasize some tables with respect to others, a table with a border of four containing a sub-table with a border of one looks much nicer than if they both share the same default border width.  Second, by explicitly setting border to zero they regain that space originally reserved for borders between cells, allowing particularly compact tables.

*CELLSPACING=<value>*

This is a new attribute for the <TABLE> element.  By default Netscape uses a cell spacing of two.  For those fussy about the look of their tables, this gives them a little more control.  Like it sounds, cell spacing is the amount of space inserted between individual cells in a table.

*CELLPADDING=<value>*

This is a new attribute for the <TABLE> element.  By default Netscape uses a cell padding of one.  Cell padding is the amount of space between the border of the cell and the contents of the cell.  Setting a cell padding of zero on a table with borders might look bad because the edges of the text could touch the cell borders.

<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>

gives the most compact table possible.

*WIDTH=<value_or_percent>*

When this attribute appears in the <TABLE> element it is used to describe the desired width of this table, either as an absolute width in pixels, or a percentage of document width.  Ordinarily complex heuristics are applied to tables and their cells to attempt to present a pleasing looking table.  Setting the <WIDTH> attribute overrides those heuristics and instead effort is put into fitting the table into the desired width as specified.  In some cases it might be impossible to fit all the table cells at the specified width, in which case Netscape will try and get as close as possible.

When this attribute appears on either the <TH> or <TD> element it is used to describe the desired width of the cell, either as an absolute width in pixels, or a percentage of table width.  Ordinarily complex heuristics are applied to table cells to attempt to present a pleasing looking table.  Setting the <WIDTH> attribute overrides those heuristics for that cell and instead effort is put into fitting the cell into the desired width as specified.  In some cases it might be impossible to fit all the table cells at the specified widths, in which case Netscape will try and get as close as possible.


The following are all allowed within

the <TABLE> element

BORDER

CELLSPACING

CELLPADDING

WIDTH


<TR> Specifies number of rows in a table.

<TD> Data cell element.

<TH> Header element.

<CAPTION> Caption element.

Graphical examples of Tables


Table - <TR ...> ... </TR>

See Also	Quick Reference

This stands for table row.  The number of rows in a table is exactly specified by how many <TR> elements are contained within it, irregardless of cells that may attempt to use the <ROWSPAN> attribute to span into non-specified rows.  <TR> can have both the <ALIGN> and <VALIGN> attributes, which if specified become the default alignments for all cells in this row.


<TABLE> - The Table element.

<TD> Table data cell element.

<TH> Table Header element.

<CAPTION> Caption element.

Graphical examples of Tables


Table - <TD ...> ... </TD>

See Also	Quick Reference

This stands for table data, and specifies a standard table data cell.  Table data cells must only appear within table rows.  Each row need not have the same number of cells specified as short rows will be padded with blank cells on the right.  A cell can contain any of the HTML elements normally present in the body of an HTML document.  The default alignment of table data is ALIGN=left and VALIGN=middle.  These alignments are overridden by any alignments specified in the containing <TR> element, and those alignments in turn are overridden by any ALIGN or VALIGN attributes explicitly specified on this cell.  By default lines inside of table cells can be broken up to fit within the overall cell width.  Specifying the NOWRAP attribute for a <TD> prevents linebreaking for that cell.

<TD ...> ... </TD> can also contain NOWRAP, COLSPAN and ROWSPAN attributes


<TABLE> - The Table element.

<TR> Specifies number of rows in a table.

<TH> Table Header element.

<CAPTION> Caption element.

Graphical examples of Tables


Table - <TH ...> ... </TH>

See Also	Quick Reference

This stands for table header.  Header cells are identical to data cells in all respects, with the exception that header cells are in a bold FONT, and have a default ALIGN=center.

<TH ...> ... </TH> can also contain VALIGN, NOWRAP, COLSPAN and ROWSPAN attributes


<TABLE> - The Table element.

<TR> Specifies number of rows in a table.

<TD> Table data cell element.

<CAPTION> Caption element.

Graphical examples of Tables


Table - <CAPTION ...> ... </CAPTION>

See Also	Quick Reference

This represents the caption for a table.  <CAPTION> elements should appear inside the <TABLE> but not inside table rows or cells.  The caption accepts an alignment attribute that defaults to ALIGN=top but can be explicitly set to ALIGN=bottom.  Like table cells, any document body HTML can appear in a caption.  Captions are always horizontally centered with respect to the table, and the may have their lines broken to fit within the width of the table.


<TABLE> - The Table element.

<TR> Specifies number of rows in a table.

<TD> Table data cell element.

<TH> Table Header element.

Graphical examples of Tables


Table - ALIGN attribute

See Also	Quick Reference

If appearing inside a <CAPTION> it controls whether the caption appears above or below the table, and can have the values top or bottom, defaulting to top.

If appearing inside a <TR>, <TH>, or <TD> it controls whether text inside the table cell(s) is aligned to the left side of the cell, the right side of the cell, or centered within the cell.  Values are left, center, and right.


<TR> Table Row element

<TD> Table Data element

<TH> Table Header element

<CAPTION> Table caption element

Graphical examples of Tables


Table - VALIGN attribute

See Also	Quick Reference

Appearing inside a <TR>, <TH>, or <TD> it controls whether text inside the table cell(s) is aligned to the top of the cell, the bottom of the cell, or vertically centered within the cell.  It can also specify that all the cells in the row should be vertically aligned to the same baseline.  Values are top, middle, bottom and baseline.


<TR> Table Row element

<TD> Table Data element

<TH> Table Header element

Graphical examples of Tables


Table - NOWRAP attribute

See Also	Quick Reference

If this attribute appears in any table cell (<TH> or <TD>) it means the lines within this cell cannot be broken to fit the width of the cell.  Be cautious in use of this attribute as it can result in excessively wide cells.


<TD> Table Data element

<TH> Table Header element

Graphical examples of Tables


Table - COLSPAN attribute

See Also	Quick Reference

This attribute can appear in any table cell (<TH> or <TD>) and it specifies how many columns of the table this cell should span.  The default COLSPAN for any cell is 1.


<TD> Table Data element

<TH> Table Header element

Graphical examples of Tables


Table - ROWSPAN attribute

See Also	Quick Reference

This attribute can appear in any table cell (<TH> or <TD>) and it specifies how many rows of the table this cell should span.  The default ROWSPAN for any cell is 1.  A span that extends into rows that were never specified with a <TR> will be truncated.


<TR> Table Row element

<TD> Table Data element

<TH> Table Header element

Graphical examples of Tables


Graphical Examples of Tables

Quick Reference

NOTE : The screen-shots provided here are used as examples.  They are © 1995, Netscape communications.

Basic Tables :

A Basic 3x2 table

Two demonstrations of ROWSPAN

Demonstration of COLSPAN

Demonstration of HEADERS, <TH ...>

Demonstration of COLSPAN plus <TH ...>

Demonstration of multiple headers plus COLPSPAN

Demonstration of side headers

Demonstration of side headers plus ROWSPAN

Sample table using all of the above

Clever uses of ROWSPAN/COLSPAN

Adjusting margins and borders :

A table without borders

A table with a BORDER of 10

CELLPADDING and CELLSPACING

Alignment, Captions and Sub-tables :

Demonstration of multiple lines in a table

ALIGN=left|right|center

VALIGN=top|bottom|middle

CAPTION=top|bottom

Nested tables

Table Widths and placing :

Different table widths

Centering a table

Table width and nested tables

HEIGHT


Basic 3x2 Table

Quick Reference

The following will render a Basic table having three columns and two rows.

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR>

<TD>A</TD> <TD>B</TD> <TD>C</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>D</TD> <TD>E</TD> <TD>F</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


Two demonstrations of ROWSPAN

Quick Reference

The following will render a table where item 2 spans two rows.

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR>

<TD>Item 1</TD>

<TD ROWSPAN=2>Item 2</TD>

<TD>Item 3</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>Item 4</TD> <TD>Item 5</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

The following will render a table where item 1 spans two rows.

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR>

<TD ROWSPAN=2>Item 1</TD>

<TD>Item 2</TD> <TD>Item 3</TD> <TD>Item 4</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>Item 5</TD> <TD>Item 6</TD> <TD>Item 7</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


Demonstration of COLSPAN

Quick Reference

The following will render a table where item 2 spans two columns

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR>

<TD>Item 1</TD>

<TD COLSPAN=2>Item 2</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>Item 3</TD> <TD>Item 4</TD> <TD>Item 5</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


Demonstration of Headers <TH>

Quick Reference

The following will render a table with headers

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR>

<TH>Head1</TH> <TH>Head2</TH> <TH>Head3</TH>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>A</TD> <TD>B</TD> <TD>C</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>D</TD> <TD>E</TD> <TD>F</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


Demonstration of COLSPAN and <TH>

Quick Reference

The following will render a table with headers that span two columns.

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR>

<TH COLSPAN=2>Head1</TH>

<TH COLSPAN=2>Head2</TH>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>A</TD> <TD>B</TD> <TD>C</TD> <TD>D</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>E</TD> <TD>F</TD> <TD>G</TD> <TD>H</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


Demonstration of multiple headers and COLSPAN

Quick Reference

The following will render a table with multiple headers, one set of which is spanning two columns

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR>

<TH COLSPAN=2>Head1</TH>

<TH COLSPAN=2>Head2</TH>

</TR>

<TR>

<TH>Head 3</TH> <TH>Head 4</TH>

<TH>Head 5</TH> <TH>Head 6</TH>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>A</TD> <TD>B</TD> <TD>C</TD> <TD>D</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>E</TD> <TD>F</TD> <TD>G</TD> <TD>H</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


Demonstration of Side Headers

Quick Reference

The following will render a table with the headers at the side.

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR><TH>Head1</TH>

<TD>Item 1</TD> <TD>Item 2</TD> <TD>Item 3</TD></TR>

<TR><TH>Head2</TH>

<TD>Item 4</TD> <TD>Item 5</TD> <TD>Item 6</TD></TR>

<TR><TH>Head3</TH>

<TD>Item 7</TD> <TD>Item 8</TD> <TD>Item 9</TD></TR>

</TABLE>


Demonstration of side headers with ROWSPAN

Quick Reference

The following will render a table with side headers, one of which spans multiple rows.

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR><TH ROWSPAN=2>Head1</TH>

<TD>Item 1</TD> <TD>Item 2</TD> <TD>Item 3</TD> <TD>Item 4</TD>

</TR>

<TR><TD>Item 5</TD> <TD>Item 6</TD> <TD>Item 7</TD> <TD>Item 8</TD>

</TR>

<TR><TH>Head2</TH>

<TD>Item 9</TD> <TD>Item 10</TD> <TD>Item 3</TD> <TD>Item 11</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


Sample table using all of the above

Quick Reference

The following will render a table using all of the above attributes.

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR>	<TD><TH ROWSPAN=2></TH>

<TH COLSPAN=2>Average</TH></TD>

</TR>

<TR>	<TD><TH>Height</TH><TH>Weight</TH></TD>

</TR>

<TR>	<TH ROWSPAN=2>Gender</TH>

<TH>Males</TH><TD>1.9</TD><TD>0.003</TD>

</TR>

<TR>    <TH>Females</TH><TD>1.7</TD><TD>0.002</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


Clever use of ROWSPAN/COLSPAN

Quick Reference

The following wil render a table that uses both ROWSPAN=2 and COLSPAN=2 on side and bottom cells.

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR>

<TD ALIGN=center ROWSPAN=2 COLSPAN=2>A</TD>

<TD>1</TD>

<TD>2</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>3</TD>

<TD>4</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD ALIGN=center ROWSPAN=2 COLSPAN=2>C</TD>

<TD ALIGN=center ROWSPAN=2 COLSPAN=2>D</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

</TR>

</TABLE>


A Table with no borders

Quick Reference

The following will render a table with no borders.

<TABLE>

<TR>	<TD>Item 1</TD> <TD ROWSPAN=2>Item 2</TD> <TD>Item 3</TD>

</TR>

<TR>	<TD>Item 4</TD> <TD>Item 5</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


A table with a border of 10

Quick Reference

The following will render a table with a border of 10.

<TABLE BORDER=10>

<TR>	<TD>Item 1</TD> <TD> Item 2</TD>

</TR>

<TR>	<TD>Item 3</TD> <TD>Item 4</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


CELLPADDING and CELLSPACING

Quick Reference

The following renders a table using CELLPADDING, but no CELLSPACING

<TABLE BORDER CELLPADDING=10 CELLSPACING=0>

<TR>

<TD>A</TD> <TD>B</TD> <TD>C</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>D</TD> <TD>E</TD> <TD>F</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

The following renders a table using CELLSPACING but no CELLPADDING

<TABLE BORDER CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=10>

<TR>

<TD>A</TD> <TD>B</TD> <TD>C</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>D</TD> <TD>E</TD> <TD>F</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

The following renders a table using CELLPADDING and CELLSPACING

<TABLE BORDER CELLPADDING=10 CELLSPACING=10>

<TR>

<TD>A</TD> <TD>B</TD> <TD>C</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>D</TD> <TD>E</TD> <TD>F</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

The following renders a table using CELLSPACING. CELLPADDING and specifying a BORDER.

<TABLE BORDER=5 CELLPADDING=10 CELLSPACING=10>

<TR>

<TD>A</TD> <TD>B</TD> <TD>C</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>D</TD> <TD>E</TD> <TD>F</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


Multiple lines in a table

Quick Reference

The following will render a table with multiple lines of text in cells.

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR>

<TH>January</TH>

<TH>February</TH>

<TH>March</TH>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>This is cell 1</TD>

<TD>Cell 2</TD>

<TD>Another cell,<br> cell 3</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>Cell 4</TD>

<TD>and now this<br>is cell 5</TD>

<TD>Cell 6</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


ALIGN=left|right|center

Quick Reference

The following will render a table showing different possible alignments of text.

NOTE :  this formatting can be applied to individual cells or whole rows.

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR>

<TH>January</TH>

<TH>February</TH>

<TH>March</TH>

</TR>

<TR ALIGN=center>

<TD>all aligned center</TD>

<TD>Cell 2</TD>

<TD>Another cell,<br> cell 3</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD ALIGN=right>aligned right</TD>

<TD ALIGN=center>aligned to center</TD>

<TD>default,<br>aligned left</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


VALIGN=top|bottom|middle

Quick Reference

The following will render a table showing different possible vertical text alignments possible within table cells.

NOTE :  this formatting can be applied to individual cells or whole rows.

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR>

<TH>January</TH>

<TH> <TH>March</TH>

        </TR>

<TR VALIGN=top>

<TD>all aligned to top</TD>

<TD>and now this<br>is cell 2</TD>

<TD>Cell 3</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top>aligned to the top</TD>

<TD VALIGN=bottom>aligned to the bottom</TD>

<TD>default alignment,<br>center</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


CAPTION=top|bottom

Quick Reference

The following will render a table with a caption at the top.

</TABLE BORDER>

<CAPTION ALIGN=top>A top CAPTION</CAPTION>

<TR>

<TH>January</TH>

<TH>February</TH>

<TH>March</TH>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>This is cell 1</TD>

<TD>Cell 2</TD>

<TD>Another cell,<br> cell 3</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

The following will render a table with a caption at the bottom

<TABLE BORDER>

<CAPTION ALIGN=bottom>A bottom CAPTION</CAPTION>

<TR>

<TH>January</TH>

<TH>February</TH>

<TH>March</TH>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>This is cell 1</TD>

<TD>Cell 2</TD>

<TD>Another cell,<br> cell 3</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


Nested Tables

Quick Reference

The following will render a table within a table.  Table ABCD is inside table 123456.

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR> <!-- ROW 1, TABLE 1 -->

<TD>1</TD>

<TD>2</TD>

<TD>3

<TABLE BORDER>

<TR> <!-- ROW 1, TABLE 2 -->

<TD>A</TD>

<TD>B</TD>

</TR>

<TR> <!-- ROW 2, TABLE 2 -->

<TD>C</TD>

<TD>D</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

</TD>

</TR>

<TR> <!-- ROW 2, TABLE 1 -->

<TD>4</TD>

<TD>5</TD>

<TD>6</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


Setting table width

Quick Reference

The following will render a table of width 50% (of page width).

<TABLE BORDER WIDTH="50%">

<TR><TD>Width=50%</TD><TD>Width=50%</TD>

</TR>

<TR><TD>3</TD><TD>4</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

Note that if the cells contain non-identical width data, it affects the cell width relative to the table width :

<TABLE BORDER WIDTH="50%">

<TR><TD>Item width affects cell size</TD><TD>2</TD>

</TR>

<TR><TD>3</TD><TD>4</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


NOTE :  This table would appear aligned to the left of the page and half the width of the page


NOTE :  This table would appear aligned to the left of the page and half the width of the page


Centering a table

Quick Reference

The following would render a table in the center of the page.

<CENTER>

<TABLE BORDER WIDTH="50%">

<TR>

<TD>A</TD> <TD>B</TD> <TD>C</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>D</TD> <TD>E</TD> <TD>F</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

</CENTER>


NOTE : This table would be rendered aligned in the center of the viewing page.


Table width and nested tables

Quick Reference

The following will render two nested tables, using table width attribute to specify the size for the secondary table

<TABLE BORDER WIDTH="50%">

<TR><TD>Item 1</TD><TD>Item 2</TD>

</TR>

<TR><TD>

<TABLE BORDER WIDTH=100%>

<TR><TD>Item A</TD><TD>Item B</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

</TD>

<TD>Item 4</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


Table Height

Quick Reference

The following will render a table of height 15% (relative to the viewing page)

<TABLE BORDER WIDTH="50%" HEIGHT="15%">

<TR><TD>HEIGHT=15%</TD> <TD>Item 2</TD>

</TR>

<TR><TD>3</TD><TD>4</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>


NOTE : This table would be rendered at a height of 15% relative to the viewing page.


Controlling the Document Background

Attributes	See Also	Quick Reference

Recent versions of the proposed HTML 3.0 spec. have added a BACKGROUND attribute to the BODY element. The purpose of this attribute is to specify a URL pointing to an image that is to be used as a background for the document. In Netscape , this background image is used to tile the full background of the document-viewing area. Thus specifying:

<BODY BACKGROUND="URL or path/filename.gif">

Document here

</BODY>

would cause whatever text, images, etc. appeared in that document to be placed on a background consisting of the (filename.gif) graphics file being tiled to cover the viewing area, much like bitmaps are used for Windows wallpaper.

NOTE : This is included in the HTML 3.0 specification, but at present is only supported by Netscape 1.1 and above.  While Netscape would use the file as a background, other browsers wouldn′t.

The BGCOLOR attribute

This attribute to BODY is not currently in the proposed HTML 3.0 specification, but is supported by Netscape 1.1 and above and is being considered for inclusion in the HTML 3.0 spec.  Essentially, it changes the color of the background without having to specify a separate image that requires another network access to load.  The format that Netscape 1.1 understands is:

<BODY BGCOLOR="#rrggbb">

Document here

</BODY>

Where "#rrggbb" is a hexadecimal red-green-blue triplet used to specify the background color.  See the Color Table for examples of colors together with their #rrggbb values.

Clearly, once the background colors/patterns have been changed, it will be necessary to also be able to control the foreground to establish the proper contrasts. The following attributes are also recognized as part of the BODY element by Netscape 1.1.

TEXT

This attribute is used to control the color of all the normal text in the document. This basically consists of all text that is not specially colored to indicate a link. The format of TEXT is the same as that of BGCOLOR.

<BODY TEXT="#rrggbb">

Document here

</BODY>

LINK, VLINK, and ALINK attributes

These attributes let you control the coloring of link text. VLINK stands for visited link, and ALINK stands for active link. The default coloring of these is: LINK=blue, VLINK=purple, and ALINK=red. Again, the format for these attributes is the same as that for BGCOLOR and TEXT.

<BODY LINK="#rrggbb" VLINK="#rrggbb" ALINK="#rrggbb">

Document here

</BODY>

Coloring Considerations.

Since these color controls are all attributes of the BODY element, they can only be set once for the entire document. Document color cannot be changed partially through a document.

Setting a background image requires the fetching of an image file from a second HTTP connection, it will slow down the perceived speed of document loading. None of the document can be displayed until the image is loaded and decoded.  Needless to say, keep background images small.

If the Auto Load Images option is turned off, background images will not be loaded. If the background image is not loaded for any reason, and a BGCOLOR was not also specified, then any of the foreground controlling attributes (LINK, VLINK, and ALINK) will be ignored. The idea behind this is that if the requested background image is unavailable, or not loaded, setting requested text colors on top of the default gray background may make thedocument unreadable.


The following attributes are included in the HTML 3.0

specification for controlling the background of the document.

BACKGROUND

TEXT

LINK

VLINK

ALINK

BGCOLOR is not included in the spec. as yet, but

is supported by recent versions of the Netscape Navigator.


Background color chart


Background Colours - Example chart
Background Colors - Example chart

Quick Reference

This chart shows a variety of possible colors, together with their #rrggbb hexadecimal triplet values.  All could be used as valid HTML document backgrounds.

NOTE : The colors shown in this chart cannot be guaranteed.  Due to resolution/color depth differences of different Windows video drivers, colors may appear different on either the authors system or the end users system.  This should be considered when using any color in documents.


Dynamic Documents

See Also	Quick Reference

Currently, Netscape 1.1 and above supports a couple of different mechanisms for dynamic documents.  These are documents that are updated on a periodic, or frequent basis)

These mechanisms are called "server push" and "client pull", and are based on existing standards (including the standard MIME multipart mechanism and the HTML 2.0 META element).

Server push

The server sends down a chunk of data; the browser display the data but leaves the connection open; whenever the server wants it sends more data and the browser displays it, leaving the connection open; at some later time the server sends down yet more data and the browser displays it; etc.

Client pull

The server sends down a chunk of data, including a directive (in the HTTP response or the document header) that says "reload this data in 5 seconds", or "go load this other URL in 10 seconds".  After the specified amount of time has elapsed, the client does what it was told -- either reloading the current data or getting new data.

In server push, a HTTP connection is held open for an indefinite period of time (until the server knows it is done sending data to the client and sends a terminator, or until the client interrupts the connection).  In client pull, HTTP connections are never held open; rather, the client is told when to open a new connection, and what data to fetch when it does so.

In server push, the magic is accomplished by using a variant of the MIME message format "multipart/mixed", which lets a single message (or HTTP response) contain many data items.  In client pull, the magic is accomplished by an HTTP response header (or equivalent HTML element) that tells the client what to do after some specified time delay.

Server Push/Client Pull considerations.

Server push is generally more efficient than client pull, since a new connection doesn't need to be opened for each new piece of data.  Since a connection is held open over time, even when no data is being transferred, the server must be willing to accept dedicated allocation of a TCP/IP port, which may be an issue for servers with a sharply limited number of TCP/IP ports.

Client pull is generally less efficient, since a new connection must be opened for each new piece of data.  However, no connection is held open over time.

Note that in real world situations it is common for establishment of a new connection to take a significant amount of time -- i.e., one second or more.  Given that this is the case, server push will probably be generally preferable for end-user performance reasons, particularly for information that is frequently updated.

Another consideration is that the server has comparatively more control in the server push situation than in the client pull situation.  One example: there is one distinct open connection for each instance of server push in use, and the server can elect to (for example) shut down such a connection at any time (e.g., via a cron daemon) without requiring a whole lot of logic in the server.  On the other hand, the same application using client pull will look like many independent connections to the server, and the server may need to have a considerable level of complexity in order to manage the situation (e.g., associating client pull requests with particular end users to figure out who to stop sending new "Refresh" headers to).

An Important Note On Server Push And Shell Scripts: If a CGI program is written as a shell script, and the script implements some form of server push where the connection is expected to be open for a long time (e.g. an infinitely long stream of images representing live video), then the shell script normally will not notice when/if the user severs the connection on the client side (e.g., by pressing the "Stop" button) and will continue running.  This is bad, as server resources will be thereafter consumed wastefully and uselessly.  The easiest way to work around this shell script limitation is to implement such CGI programs using a language like Perl or C -- such programs will terminate properly when the user breaks the connection.


Server Push

Client Pull

<META> Element


Dynamic Documents - Server Push

See Also	Quick Reference

Server push is the other dynamic document mechanism, complementing client pull.

In contrast to client pull, server push takes advantage of a connection that's held open over multiple responses, so the server can send down more data any time it wants.  The obvious major advantage is that the server has total control over when and how often new data is sent down.  Also, this method can be more efficient, since new HTTP connections don't have to be opened all the time.  The downside is that the open connection consumes a resource on the server side while it's open (only when the server knows it wants this to happen, though).  Also, server push has two other advantages: one is that a server push is easily interruptible (you can just hit "Stop" and interrupt the connection).The other advantage will be discussed later.

First, a short review: the MIME message format is used by HTTP to encapsulate data returned from a server in response to a request.  Typically, an HTTP response consists of only a single piece of data.  However, MIME has a standard facility for representing many pieces of data in a single message (or HTTP response).  This facility uses a standard MIME type called "multipart/mixed"; a multipart/mixed message looks something like:

Content-type: multipart/mixed;boundary=ThisRandomString

--ThisRandomString

Content-type: text/plain

Data for the first object.

--ThisRandomString

Content-type: text/plain

Data for the second and last object.

--ThisRandomString--

The above message contains two data blocks, both of type "text/plain".  The final two dashes after the last occurrence of "ThisRandomString" indicate that the message is over; there is no more data.

For server push we use a variant of "multipart/mixed" called "multipart/x-mixed-replace".  The "x-" indicates this type is experimental.  The "replace" indicates that each new data block will cause the previous data block to be replaced -- that is, new data will be displayed instead of (not in addition to) old data.

Here's an example of "multipart/x-mixed-replace" in action:

Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=ThisRandomString

--ThisRandomString

Content-type: text/plain

Data for the first object.

--ThisRandomString

Content-type: text/plain

Data for the second and last object.

--ThisRandomString--

The key to the use of this technique is that the server does not push the whole "multipart/x-mixed-replace" message down all at once but rather sends down each successive data block whenever it sees fit.  The HTTP connection stays open all the time, and the server pushes down new data blocks as rapidly or as infrequently as it wants, and in between data blocks the browser simply sits and waits for more data in the current window.  The user can even go off and do other things in other windows; when the server has more data to send, it just pushes another data block down the pipe, and the appropriate window updates itself.

Here's exactly what happens:

Following in the tradition of the standard "multipart/mixed", "multipart/x-mixed-replace" messages are composed using a unique boundary line that separates each data object.  Each data object has its own headers, allowing for an object-specific content type and other information to be specified.

The specific behavior of "multipart/x-mixed-replace" is that each new data object replaces the previous data object.  The browser gets rid of the first data object and instead displays the second data object.

A "multipart/x-mixed-replace" message doesn't have to end!  That is, the server can just keep the connection open forever and send down as many new data objects as it wants.  The process will then terminate if the user is no longer displaying that data stream in a browser window or if the browser severs the connection (e.g. the user presses the "Stop" button).  We expect this will be the typical way people will use server push.

The previous document will be cleared and the browser will begin displaying the next document when the "Content-type" header is found, or at the end of the headers otherwise, for a new data block.

The current data block (document) is considered finished when the next message boundary is found.

Together, the above two items mean that the server should push down the pipe: a set of headers (most likely including "Content-type"), the data itself, and a separator (message boundary).  When the browser sees the separator, it knows to sit still and wait indefinitely for the next data block to arrive.

Putting it all together, here's a Unix shell script that will cause the browser to display a new listing of processes running on a server every 5 seconds:

#!/bin/sh

echo "HTTP/1.0 200"

echo "Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=---ThisRandomString---"

echo ""

echo "---ThisRandomString---"

while true

do

echo "Content-type: text/html"

echo ""

echo "h2Processes on this machine updated every 5 seconds/h2"

echo "time: "

date

echo "p"

echo "plaintext"

ps -el

echo "---ThisRandomString---"

sleep 5

done

Note that the boundary is sent to the browser before the sleep statement.  This ensures that the browser will flush its buffers and display all the data that's been received up to that point to the user.

NCSA HTTPD users must not use any spaces in the content type, this includes the boundary argument. NCSA HTTPD will only accept a single string with no white space as a content type.  If any spaces are in the line (besides the one right after the colon) any text after the white space will be truncated.

As an example, the following will work:

Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=ThisRandomString

The following will not work:

Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace; boundary=ThisRandomString

The other advantage of server push is that it can be used for individual inlined images!  A document that contains an image can be made to update by the server on a regular basis or at any time the server wants.  Just have the SRC attribute of the IMG element point to an URL for which the server pushes a series of images.

If server push is used for an individual inlined image, the image will get replaced inside the document each time a new image is pushed -- the document itself won't get touched (assuming it isn't separately subject to server push) -- poor man's animation inlined into a static document.


Client Pull


Dynamic Documents - Client Pull

See Also	Quick Reference

A simple use of client pull is to cause a document to be automatically reloaded on a regular basis.  For example, consider the following document :

<META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT=1>

<TITLE>Document ONE</TITLE>

<H1>This is Document ONE!</H1>

Here's some text. <P>

If loaded into a browser supporting Dynamic Documents (Netscape 1.1 and above), it would re-load itself every second.

Simply put, the META element (a standard HTML 3.0 element, for simulating HTTP response headers in HTML documents) is telling the browser that it should pretend that the HTTP response when the document was loaded included the following header:

Refresh: 1

That HTTP header, in turn, tells the browser to reload (refresh) this document after 1 second has elapsed.  If a 12 second delay was required, the following HTML directive would have been used:

META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT=12

...which is equivalent to this HTTP response header:

Refresh: 12

Note: the META element should be used on the first line of a HTML document.

A couple of things to notice:

In this example, a new "Refresh" directive (via either the META element or the Refresh HTTP response header) is given as a part of every retrieval.  This is an important point.  Each individual "Refresh" directive is one-shot and non-repeating.  The directive doesn't say "go get this page every 6 seconds from now until infinity"; it says "go get this page in 6 seconds".

If continuous reloading is required, the directive needs to be given on each retrieval.  If the document only needs to be reloaded once, only give the directive on the first retrieval.  Once given the directive, the browser will do the specified retrieval after the specified amount of time.  The only way to cause it not to happen is to not have an open window that contains the document.

This also means that if an "infinite reload" situation is set up (as the example above does), the only way it can be interrupted is by pressing the "Back" button or otherwise going to a different URL in the current window (or, equivalently, by closing the current window).

So another thing to do, in addition to causing the current document to reload, is to cause another document to be reloaded in n seconds in place of the current document.  This is easy.  The HTTP response header will look like this:

Refresh: 12; URL=http://foo.bar/blatz.html

The corresponding META element would be:

<META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="12; URL=http://foo.bar/blatz.html">

Important note: the URL needs to be fully qualified (e.g. http://whatever/whatever). That is, don't use a relative URL.

Consider the following example documents, "doc2.html" and "doc3.html", each of which causes the other to load (so if one of them is loaded, the browser will flip back and forth between them indefinitely)

<META HTTP-EQUIV=REFRESH CONTENT="1; URL=http://machine/doc3.html">

<TITLE>Document TWO</TITLE>

<H1>This is Document TWO!</H1>

Here's some other text. <P>

<META HTTP-EQUIV=REFRESH CONTENT="1; URL=http://machine/doc2.html">

<TITLE>Document THREE</TITLE>

<H1>This is Document THREE!</H1>

Here's yet more text. <P>

On loading one of the documents; the browser will load the other in 1 second, then the first in another second, then the second again in another second, and so on forever.

How do you make it stop?  The easiest way is to either close the window, or put a link in the document(s) that points to somewhere else.  Remember, any retrieval of any document can cause the whole process to stop at any point in time if a fresh directive isn't issued -- the process only continues as long as each new document causes it to continue.  Thus, the content creator has total control.

The interval can be 0 seconds!  This will cause the browser to load the new data as soon as it possibly can (after the current data is fully displayed).

The data that is retrieved can be of any type: an image, an audio clip, whatever.  One fun thing to envision is 0-second continuous updating of a live image (e.g. a camera feed), or a series of still images.  Poor man's animation, kind of.  Netscape Communications are considering mounting a camouflaged IndyCam on the prow of Jim Clark's boat and feeding live images to the world using this mechanism.

A "Refresh" header can be returned as part of any HTTP response, including a redirection.  So a single HTTP response can say "go get this URL now, and then go get this other URL in 10 seconds".

This means a continuous random URL generator can be made.  Have a normal random URL generator (such as URouLette) that returns as part of its redirection response a "Refresh" directive that causes the browser to get another random URL from the random URL generator in 18 seconds.


See the impressive URouLette at :

http://kuhttp.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/organizations/kucia/uroulette/uroulette.html


Server Push

<META> Element


Quick Reference

The following elements cover all HTML elements of the level 2.0 specification and those elements that will be in the HTML 3.0 specification, but which are supported by currently available HTML user agents.

<!--

<A>

<ADDRESS>

<B>

<BASE ...>

<BASEFONT SIZE= ...>

<BGSOUND>

<BLINK>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<BODY>

<BR>

<CAPTION>

<CENTER>

<CITE>

<CODE>

<DD>

<DFN>

<DIR>

<DL>

<DT>

<EM>

<EMBED>

<FONT SIZE= ...>

<FORM>

<H ALIGN= >.

<H1>

<H2>

<H3>

<H4>

<H5>

<H6>

<HEAD>

<HP>

<HR>

<HTML>

<I>

<IMG>

<INPUT>

<ISINDEX>

<KBD>

<LI>

<LINK>

<LISTING>

<MARQUEE>

<MENU>

<META>

<NEXTID>

<NOBR>

<OL>

<OPTION>

<P ALIGN=>

<P>

<PLAINTEXT>

<PRE>

<SAMP>

<SELECT>

<STRIKE>

<STRONG>

<TABLE>

<TD>

<TEXTAREA>

<TH>

<TITLE>

<TR>

<TT>

<U>

<UL>

<VAR>

<WBR>

<XMP>


DDE

DDE stands for Dynamic Data Exchange. This is a way for Windows programs to communicate with each other.


SDI

SDI stands for the Software Development Interface. This is a standard way for programs to communicate with Web browsers.


Frequently Asked Questions

This is a list of our most common technical support queries.

How can I use Netscape without connecting to the Internet?

How do I get my documents into the World Wide Web?

Why does HotDog only read the start of my document?

Why don't my images display properly?

How Do I Add A Counter To My Web Page?


Using Netscape Off-Line

If you use an operating system without a built-in TCP/IP stack (such as Windows 3.1), you probably need a separate TCP/IP stack to connect to the Internet. Two common stacks are Trumpet Winsock and Chameleon from NetManage.

If you start the Netscape Navigator and you are not connected to the Internet, it will load your TCP/IP stack automatically. If you use a log-in script, then it will also start dialling your Internet Service Provider automatically.

This is obviously a problem when you need to preview a document from HotDog. HotDog will load Netscape , which will try and load your TCP/IP stack and connect you to the Internet. Even if you always log in manually, this setup can cause problems with HotDog.

Netscape have provided a solution to this problem: a file called MOZOCK.DLL. This is available from ftp.sausage.com in the file mozock.zip.

Mozock "tricks" Netscape into thinking it is on the Internet. Here's how you use it:

1. Copy the file \WINDOWS\SYSTEM\WINSOCK.DLL to the same directory as your TCP/IP files (e.g. \TRUMPWSK). When you do load your TCP/IP stack, it will use this file.

2. Copy the file MOZOCK.DLL as \WINDOWS\SYSTEM\WINSOCK.DLL. When Netscape is started, it will load this file.

Please contact Netscape if you need more information on this.

We believe that using Microsoft's Wolverine TCP/IP stack for Windows for Workgroups (instead of your current stack) will also fix this problem. Contact Microsoft for information on Wolverine.

This problem should not occur in Windows NT or Windows 95 (which have TCP/IP networking built in).

See also

Frequently Asked Questions


Uploading HTML Documents
Uploading HTML Documents to the Internet

Once you've created your web pages with HotDog, you need to put them on the Internet so they become part of the World Wide Web.

In most cases, this involves connecting to your Internet Service Provider (ISP)and transferring the files to a particular directory on their computer via FTP. The people who want to access your web pages will then read them from your ISP's machine.

The procedures for doing this vary for each ISP. You will need to contact them to find out how to display web pages using their system.

See also

Frequently Asked Questions


HotDog File Size Limitation

The Standard version of HotDog cannot open files larger than 32k. The Professional version handles files of any size.

Please note that large documents will take a long time to display over the Web, particularly for overseas users.

See also

Frequently Asked Questions


Absolute and Relative File References

HotDog inserts links to graphics and local files in one of two ways:

Relative References are used when the file or graphic is in the same directory as (or a subdirectory of) the current document. For example, if you have a document called C:\HTML\INDEX.HTM, and you insert the image C:\HTML\PICTURE.GIF, HotDog will insert the image like this:

<IMG SRC="picture.gif">

Absolute References are used if the file or graphic is not in the same directory as (or a subdirectory of) the current document. For example, if you have a document called C:\HTML\INDEX.HTM, and you insert the image C:\GRAPHICS\PICTURE.GIF, HotDog will insert the image like this:

<IMG SRC="file:///c|/graphics/picture.gif">

If you have not saved the current document, then relative references will be based on the Documents directory. If no Documents directory is defined, they will be based on the HotDog directory (wherever HOTDOG.EXE or HTDOGPRO.EXE is).

Both relative and absolute references should work properly on your machine. The main difference comes when you upload your document to the Internet. It's very unlikely that your Internet provider also keeps their images in a directory called C:\GRAPHICS\. And if they don't, then none of your absolute references will work. You'll have to change them all manually before uploading your documents to the Internet.

The easiest way to prevent problems is to keep all your images in the same directory as (or a subdirectory of) your HTML documents. That way, you can upload everything from a single location on your PC, to a single location on the Internet. You can move this directory somewhere else on your PC, and your HTML files will still work.

It also pays to save your HTML documents before inserting any images. That way HotDog knows where to look for relative references - it doesn't just assume the Documents directory or the HotDog directory.

See also

Frequently Asked Questions


Customizing Shortcut Keys
Customizing Shortcut Keys (Pro Version only)

Menu: Tools Menu

HotDog Pro lets you assign menu commands to keystrokes. Choose the combination of CTRL, ALT, and SHIFT (use as many of these as you like) and the key you want to use, then pick the

HotDog function from the list. Functions are based on their menu names, for example FileSave is the same as choosing Save from the File Menu.

See Also

Customizing the Button Bar

Customizing Tags

Customizing Tags

Tools Menu


Customize Button Bar
Customizing The Button Bar (Pro Version only)

Menu: Tools Menu

In this version of HotDog Pro, you can customize the button bar. Future versions of HotDog will support customizing of the elements bar, as well as multiple elements bars.

See Also

Customizing Shortcut Keys

Customizing Tags

Tools Menu


Create Template Field
Create Template Field (Pro Version only)

Menu: Tools Menu

This screen lets you create fields that will be automatically updated when you create, save, or publish your documents. These fields can insert information about your system, the current file, date and time, or read information from a text file.

To you choose this feature, choose Create Template Field from the Tools menu. Then just follow the instructions on-screen!

See Also

Creating Document Templates

Tools Menu


Spell Check
Spell Check (Pro Version only)

Menu: Tools Menu

Choose this option to check the spelling in your document. HotDog ignores all words in tags (ie. between a < and a >).

HotDog Pro ships with the US English dictionary. Dictionaries for other languages are available from our web site.

See Also

Tools Menu


How Do I Add A Counter To My Web Page?

Many people use a counter to indicate the number of times their Web page has been visited. Unfortunately, there's nothing built into HTML that makes it easy for you to do this.

The only way we know of to add a counter to your home page is to use a CGI script. CGI is a complicated topic, and you will need to learn a programming language to use it.

For more information on CGI programming, please see the UseNet newsgroup comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi

See also

Frequently Asked Questions


What's New In V2?

Our programming team have been working hard to improve HotDog Pro, and we believe that version 2 is a major step forward for us. Heres what HotDog Professional v2.0 offers that v1 didnt:

ROVER - the Real-time Output ViewER

ROVER is the biggest change in HotDog Pro v2. As you type, ROVER will show you a sample of what your document might actually look like on the Web. This solution gives you the ease of use and visual feedback of WYSIWYG editors, but also gives you the flexibility and control over the HTML source that HotDog is famous for. ROVER wont display every non-standard tag you may want to use, but it certainly wont stop you from using whatever tags you want to. Of course, you can still preview your documents using other browsers - in fact, we strongly recommend it!

To start ROVER, choose Real-time Output Viewer from the Tools Menu.

Auto-Upload

One of the hardest things about designing web sites is transferring them from your local PC to your web server. You have to keep track of all the files you've changed, and upload them one-by-one. HotDog's Auto-Upload feature makes it easy - one mouse click is all it takes to upload an entire web site. Auto-Upload will transfer the current document and all accompanying images and local files, or it will upload all graphics and documents in a project.

Colored Tags

Since the very first version of HotDog, weve built in support for tags that are not yet part of the official HTML standard, for example HTML 3 and the Netscape extensions to HTML. Many of our users have asked us, why dont you provide us an easy way to distinguish between standard and non-standard tags?. Well, weve done it! HotDog will display tags in a number of different colors. Netscape, Microsoft, and HTML 3 tags will show up in different colors from HTML 1 and 2 tags. Naturally, this feature is fully customizable, so you can select your own colors and create your own tag groupings.

Support for Microsoft Tags

Sausage Software continues its stance as the Switzerland of the Web! Were not going to get involved in the Netscape vs Microsoft vs HTML 2 battle - its up to you as a web author to decide how far you want to go in incorporating non-standard tags into your web pages. But for those of you who want to live on the edge and use Microsofts new tags, weve built them in. Just check out the Tags List.

Unlike some of our current and future competitors, we have no vested interest in seeing our tags prevail over theirs - were committed to supporting all major technological developments on the Web, so youre not locked in to any one vendors proprietary standards.

Background Reality Checker

Surf the Web a little, and it wont be long before you find a page with a great background that just doesnt work! The background looks nice, but it clashes with the text colors, making the text unreadable. In HotDog Pro v2, weve extended our highly acclaimed text color picker to let you pick backgrounds as well. You can make sure you choose text colors that look great on whatever background you choose, and make sure that your backgrounds are effective as well as attractive.

HotDog also offers you an advanced Tiling Tool, to give you a preview of what your background will look like when its tiled across a web page.

You can access the Reality Checker and the Tiling Tool from the Format Document screen.

HTML Converter

Got a whole stack of ASCII text files you want to turn into web pages? Our HTML Converter will save you time and stress. You give HotDog some basic instructions about what decisions it should make to turn your files into web documents, then sit back and let it do the hard work for you. This function is available from the Tools Menu.

Syntax Checker

Not sure if your HTML code is up to scratch? Our syntax checker is a handy way to catch common problems or errors, before your pages get out on the Net. Just choose Check HTML Syntax from the Tools Menu.

Web Projects

One of our most frequently requested features, this lets you combine multiple files into a Project so you can open and save them all with a single mouse click. Youll be amazed by how much time this can save!

To create a Web Project, just open the files you want to include then choose Save As Project from the File Menu.

Highlight Retention

In the past, it has been difficult to apply several tags to selected text with HotDog. You select something, hit (say) the Bold button, and the Bold tag gets applied, but your highlight disappears, and you have to reselect the text to apply the next tag. Just a little niggle, but one that has frustrated a lot of people. The good news is we have solved this problem - to apply multiple tags to highlighted text, hold down control when you first select the text with the mouse. The highlight will stay in place after you have applied each tag.


Rover - the Real-time Output ViewER
ROVER - Real-time Output ViewER (Pro version)

ROVER is the biggest change in HotDog Pro v2. As you type, ROVER will show you a sample of what your document might actually look like on the Web. This solution gives you the ease of use and visual feedback of WYSIWYG editors, but also gives you the flexibility and control over the HTML source that HotDog is famous for. ROVER wont display every non-standard tag you may want to use, but it certainly wont stop you from using whatever tags you want to. Of course, you can still preview your documents using other browsers - in fact, we strongly recommend it!

To start ROVER, choose Real-time Output Viewer from the Tools Menu.

See also

Tools Menu


Colored Tags
Colored Tags (Pro version)

Since the very first version of HotDog, weve built in support for tags that are not yet part of the official HTML standard, for example HTML 3 and the Netscape extensions to HTML. Many of our users have asked us, why dont you provide us an easy way to distinguish between standard and non-standard tags?. Well, weve done it! HotDog will display tags in a number of different colors. Netscape, Microsoft, and HTML 3 tags will show up in different colors from HTML 1 and 2 tags. Naturally, this feature is fully customizable, so you can select your own colors and create your own tag groupings.

See also

Editing Options

Customizing Tag Information


Microsoft Tags
Microsoft Extensions to HTML

Microsoft were slow to get on the Web, but they are taking strong steps to catch up with the companies that beat them to it, especially Netscape. Microsoft have their own web browser called Internet Explorer (available from http://www.microsoft.com), which supports a number of new tags Microsoft have created. Be careful with using their tags - like Netscape's proprietary tags, these are unlikely to work on all browsers.

Weve listed for you all the additions and extensions to the HTML 2 specification that Microsoft have built into Internet Explorer.

Extensions

Additions

See also

Netscape Extensions to HTML


Background Reality Checker
Background Reality Checker (Pro version)

Surf the Web a little, and it wont be long before you find a page with a great background that just doesnt work! The background looks nice, but it clashes with the text colors, making the text unreadable. In HotDog Pro v2, weve extended our highly acclaimed text color picker to let you pick backgrounds as well. You can make sure you choose text colors that look great on whatever background you choose, and make sure that your backgrounds are effective as well as attractive.

HotDog also offers you an advanced Tiling Tool, to give you a preview of what your background will look like when its tiled across a web page.

You can access the Reality Checker and the Tiling Tool from the Format Document screen.


Intelligent File Translator
HTML Converter (Pro version)

Got a whole stack of ASCII text files you want to turn into web pages? Our HTML Converter will save you time and stress. You give HotDog some basic instructions about what decisions it should make to turn your files into web documents, then sit back and let it do the hard work for you.

This function is available from the Tools Menu.


Syntax Checker
Syntax Checker (Pro version)

Not sure if your HTML code is up to scratch? Our syntax checker is a handy way to catch common problems or errors, before your pages get out on the Net. Just choose Check HTML Syntax from the Tools Menu.


Web Projects
Web Projects (Pro version)

One of our most frequently requested features, this lets you combine multiple files into a Project so you can open and save them all with a single mouse click. Youll be amazed by how much time this can save!

To create a Web Project, just open the files you want to include then choose Save As Project from the File Menu.

See Also

Open Project

Save Project

Report On Project


File Save All
Save All

Menu: File Menu

Saves all open documents. If any of these files have not been saved before, this option will have the same effect as choosing Save As from the File menu.

See also

File Menu

Save Project


File Open Project
Open Project (Pro version)

Menu: File Menu

This lets you open a Web Project that youve previously created.

Web Projects are a convenient way to deal with multiple files at the same time. For example, you can create a project containing five related HTML documents. Every time you open the project, all five documents will be loaded into HotDog for editing. Using a project means that you only need to open one file (the .PRJ project file) instead of the five individual documents.

To create a project, open all the documents you want contained in the project, then choose Save Project from the File Menu. To remove a file from a project, open the project, close the file you want removed, then save the project.

See also

File Menu

Save Project

Report On Project


File Save Project
Save Project (Pro version)

Menu: File Menu

This lets you save an existing Web Project that youve previously created.

Web Projects are a convenient way to deal with multiple files at the same time. For example, you can create a project containing five related HTML documents. Every time you open the project, all five documents will be loaded into HotDog for editing. Using a project means that you only need to open one file (the .PRJ project file) instead of the five individual documents.

To create a project, open all the documents you want contained in the project, then choose Save Project from the File Menu. To remove a file from a project, open the project, close the file you want removed, then save the project.

See also

File Menu

Open Project

Report On Project


File Report On Project
Report On Project (Pro version)

Menu: File Menu

If you are using a Web Project, this function will create a summary report of all the images and links contained in the projects files. One potential use of this information is to make sure you upload all the necessary files to your web server.

The report will be stored in a text file, and when the report has been written, HotDog will ask you if you want to view it.

Web Projects are a convenient way to deal with multiple files at the same time. For example, you can create a project containing five related HTML documents. Every time you open the project, all five documents will be loaded into HotDog for editing. Using a project means that you only need to open one file (the .PRJ project file) instead of the five individual documents.

To create a project, open all the documents you want contained in the project, then choose Save Project from the File Menu. To remove a file from a project, open the project, close the file you want removed, then save the project.

See also

File Menu

Open Project

Save Project


Edit Select All
Select All

Menu: Edit Menu

This will highlight all of the text in the current document. To remove the highlighting, just click on a blank area of the document.

See also

Edit Menu


Microsoft Extensions to Existing Elements

Quick Reference

The following HTML 2.0 (or proposed 3.0) elements have all received extra attributes which are supported by Microsofts Internet Explorer.

NOTE : The new attributes that are supported by Microsoft browsers may only be supported by Microsoft browsers.  Take care with document styling.  If the user is not using Internet Explorer , their view of the document may not be what you intended.

BODY

TABLE

IMG


Microsoft Additions to Existing Elements

Quick Reference

The following elements are all new .  They are not part of the Official HTML specification for level 2.0, but are supported by Microsofts Internet Explorer.

NOTE : The new attributes that are supported by Microsoft browsers may only be supported by Microsoft browsers.  Take care with document styling.  If the user is not using Internet Explorer , their view of the document may not be what you intended.

BGSOUND

MARQUEE


Microsoft Extensions to BODY

Quick Reference

Microsoft have added one extension to the <BODY> tag, BGPROPERTIES=FIXED. This lets you create pages with watermarks - background patterns that do not scroll.

For example,

<BODY BACKGROUND=pattern.gif BGPROPERTIES=FIXED>


Microsoft Extensions to TABLE

Quick Reference

Microsoft have added one extension to the set of Table tags, or more specifically to the <TD> tag, BGCOLOR=#nnnnnn. This lets you give each cell a different background color.

For example,

<TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT BORDER=1 WIDTH=20%>

<TR><TD BGCOLOR=#FFDDDD>Hello</TD></TR>

<TR><TD BGCOLOR=#CCFFFF>There</TD></TR>

</TABLE>

Instead of using the hexadecimal RGB triplet (e.g. #FFFFFF), you can use a Color Name.


Microsoft Extensions to IMG

Quick Reference

Internet Explorer lets you embed .AVI format video clips in your web pages. A number of new attributes have been added to the <IMG> tag to facilitate this:

DYNSRC=url

Specifies the Internet address of a Dynamic Source (video clip or VRML world) to display.

START

Instructs the browser when to start showing the video clip. START can be one or both of:

FILEOPEN	- to start the clip as soon as the file has finished opening

MOUSEOVER	- to start playing the clip when the user moves the cursor over it

CONTROLS

This will display a set of standard transport controls (e.g. play, pause, fast forward) under the video clip.

LOOP=n

LOOP=INFINITE

Specifies how many times a video clip will be shown. If LOOP=INFINITE or LOOP=-1, the clip will keep playing indefinitely.

LOOPDELAY=n

Specifies a delay in milliseconds (1000 milliseconds=1 second) for the browser to wait before restarting a clip if a LOOP is specified.

For example:

<IMG DYNSRC=movie.avi SRC=movie.gif WIDTH=46 HEIGHT=46 START=FILEOPEN,MOUSEOVER LOOP=INFINITE LOOPDELAY=3000 CONTROLS ALIGN=right>

This will play a file called movie.avi in a window on the right of the screen. The movie will start playing as soon as the document has loaded, or when the user moves the mouse pointer over it. When the movie stops, the browser will wait 3 seconds, then start it again. Transport controls will be displayed under the picture.

The SRC=movie.gif is provided for readers who arent using Internet Explorer - they will see a static image.


Microsoft Addition: BGSOUND

Quick Reference

This tag lets you play background sounds or soundtracks while the reader is looking at your page.

SRC=URL

Specifies the Internet address of the sound file to play.

LOOP=n

LOOP=INFINITE

Specifies how many times a sound file will be played. If LOOP=INFINITE or LOOP=-1, the sound file will keep playing indefinitely.

For example:

<BGSOUND SRC=music.wav LOOP=5>


Microsoft Addition: MARQUEE

Quick Reference

The MARQUEE tag lets you create a scrolling text area. This is a useful space for advertizing or other information. There are a number of attributes that let you control the use of Marquees:

ALIGN

Specifies the location of text around the marquee. Can be either TOP, MIDDLE, or BOTTOM.

BEHAVIOR

Determines how the text will move within the marquee.

SCROLL	- the text will move in from one side, and disappear off the other

SLIDE	- the text will move in from one side, then stop when it touches the other

ALTERNATE	- the text will bounce back and forth within the marquee

BGCOLOR

Specifies the background color for the marquee. Instead of using the hexadecimal RGB triplet (e.g. #FFFFFF), you can use a Color Name.

DIRECTION

The direction that the text should scroll towards. It can be either LEFT or RIGHT

HEIGHT

The height of the Marquee, or as a percentage of screen height

HSPACE

The distance between the left and right margins of the marquee, and the surrounding text (in pixels)

LOOP=n

LOOP=INFINITE

Specifies how many times text will scroll across the marquee. If LOOP=INFINITE or LOOP=-1, the text will repeat indefinitely.

SCROLLAMOUNT

Specifies the number of pixels between each successive draw of the marquee text.

SCROLLDELAY

Specifies the number of milliseconds between each successive draw of the marquee text.

VSPACE

The distance between the top and bottom margins of the marquee, and the surrounding text (in pixels)


Microsoft Color Names

Microsofts new tags feature names for commonly used colors, so you dont have to use hexadecimal RGB triplets (e.g. FFDDDD). The support color names are:

Black

Olive

Teal

Red

Blue

Maroon

Navy

Gray

Lime

Fuchsia

White

Green

Purple

Silver

Yellow

Aqua


Colour Options
Color Options

Background Color

Specifies the background color in the editing window.

Foreground Color

Specifies the foreground color in the editing window.

Default Tag Color (Pro version)

Specifies the color that standard HTML tags will appear in if the colored tags option is set.

Tag Type (Pro version)

Tag Type Color (Pro version)

These let you assign colors to particular tag types. HotDog ships with some pre-defined tag types, for the Netscape and Microsoft extensions. You can also create your own tag groupings in the Edit Tag Information screen.

See also

General Options

Editing Options

Publishing Options

Display Options

File Locations

Saving/Starting Options

Color Options

Dictionary Options


Dictionary Options
Dictionary Options (Pro version)

These options apply to HotDogs Spell Checker.

Customary Dictionary (Pro version)

The custom dictionary stores any words you choose to add to the spell checker. HotDog can use existing custom spell-check dictionaries created by Word or other Microsoft products.

Standard Dictionary (Pro version)

This is the location of the default dictionary for HotDogs spell checker. HotDog ships with the American English dictionary, but UK English, German, and French dictionaries are available from our web site.

See also

General Options

Editing Options

Publishing Options

Display Options

File Locations

Saving/Starting Options

Color Options

Dictionary Options


Auto-Upload

HotDog's Auto-Upload feature makes it easy for you to upload your documents to your web site. If you don't have a web site, the easiest way to get one is to sign up for Anaserve. See the Appendix at the end of this manual for details on this.

To use the Auto-Upload feature, first make sure you are connected to the Internet. Once you have logged on, just click the Upload button on the Button Bar.

The first time you use Auto-Upload, you will be asked to provide some information about your web site. Fill in the screen with information provided from Anawave or your own ISP, then click OK. HotDog will connect to your web site and automatically upload the current document, as well as any images and local files it references.

The next time you want to use Auto-Upload, just click the Upload button and the process will begin immediately. If you ever want to change your login details, you can do this from the Options screen.


Why Use A Hosting Service?

Naturally, you want everybody on the Internet to be able to look at the pages you've spent so much time and effort creating. This means that your web pages have to be on a computer running 24 hours a day, with a permanent, high-speed Internet connection. You could do this yourself, but you would need to pay for a fast computer, a good web server, a high-speed Net connection, and someone to constantly maintain and repair the system. The cost for this can easily exceed $10,000.

Paying someone else to "host" your web pages is a much more cost-effective solution. You rent space on someone else's web server, generally for a monthly fee. When your pages are ready to go to the Internet, you log onto the server with your FTP program, and upload the files to your own personal directory. And that's it! Once the files have been uploaded to the hosting service's computer, anyone on the Web can look at your pages, at any time.

The AnaServe (tm) Service

Sausage Software has teamed up with Anawave Software in California to help you get your information onto the web. We've put a lot of work into putting the highest possible quality standards in our software; rest assured that Anawave will put just as much work into providing you with the best quality web hosting service you can get, for an unbeatable price! Anawave's AnaServe (tm) web hosting service is only $19.95 per month (plus a $29.95 activation fee), for up to 5Mb of information! For more information about AnaServe, read the sign-up contract.

See Also

AnaServe Web Hosting Contract


AnaServe Web Hosting Contract

AnaServe Web Hosting Agreement - Sausage

AnaServe's high speed computers and communication lines provide a fast and

friendly link to worldwide users of the World Wide Web. AnaServe also saves

you the expense of having a dedicated computer, phone line, 24 hour

Internet access, and system administration. And best of all, AnaServe is

fun and easy to use!

The following represents a partial list of AnaServe's features and benefits:

We provide each customer with 5 megabytes of disk storage which can be

used for files, text, graphics, sound files, and even video! Additional

disk space can be purchased at an affordable rate.

AnaServe has one of the highest basic traffic allowances available (500

megabytes per month), and our rates for high traffic sites are among the

most affordable anywhere. Very few sites exceed the 500 megabyte allowance,

and Anawave will not bill you without prior approval (See the attached

AnaServe "Terms and Conditions" for more details).

We allow you to use custom CGI scripts (Perl 4.0 Only) with prior

approval. Our technical support team has a library of basic scripts that

you can include in your web site for a nominal charge. Call 714.250.7263,

Ext. 240, for additional information.

We will also assign a unique alias to your account (i.e.,

"www.anawave.com/~yourname"). Or, at your option, we can upgrade

your site with a unique domain name ("UDN"). Your domain name on

the Internet will be ("www.yourname.com"). The UDN service fee

is only $29.95, and it gives you our basic service plan plus a unique

domain name. Investing in a unique domain name for your web site increases

your identity on the Web.

As part of your AnaServe subscription, you will receive free and

automated traffic reports of people that have visited your site.

AnaServe now supports mail forwarding from your address at

yourname@anawave.com to the e-mail address of your choice.

Best of all, Anawave provides free technical support (8:30 a.m. - 5:30

p.m., M-F, PST). Please call 714.250.7263, ext. 240, or 1.800.711.6030

for additional information.

AnaServe Service Rates:         Personal   Standard   Domain (UDN)

Setup Fee (One Time)             $14.95      $29.95     $149.95*

Monthly Service Fee               $9.95      $19.95      $29.95

Available Disk Space                5MB         5MB         5MB

Cost Per 1 Extra MB/Mo.           $1.95       $1.95       $1.95

Traffic Allowance                 500MB       500MB       500MB

Extra Traffic Allowance(500MB)  $19.95/Mo.  $19.95/Mo.  $19.95/Mo.

* Our $149.95 Setup fee for UDN level service includes the first two

years of registration with the InterNIC. There are no "hidden" charges!

Personal pricing is for non-commercial use only. All rates are subject

to change.

Contact Information

Name _____________________________________________

Title ____________________________________________

Company name _____________________________________

Street ___________________________________________

City _____________________________________________

State_____________________________________________

Zip code__________________________________________

Daytime phone ____________________________________

Fax_______________________________________________

e-mail ___________________________________________

Payment ( ) Visa   ( ) Mastercard  ( ) Other______

Card number ____________________Expiration Date___

Name on card _____________________________________

Computer ( ) Macintosh ( ) IBM-PC ( ) Other ______

Service level o Personal

              o Standard

              o Domain (UND)

If Domain service level, what would you like us to call your web site?

Give us your top 4 choices for a web site name. Rank in your order

of preference.

_______________   _______________   _______________   _______________

Terms and Conditions (Sausage)

This agreement is between Anawave Software, Inc.,

("Anawave") and the Customer (as noted above) to provide World

Wide Web ("Web") access and creative services to the Internet on

Anawave's network of shared server(s).

We accept cash, check, MasterCard or Visa for payment.

All services will be billed within the first week of any given month. Bills

for partial periods are prorated. Anawave reserves the right to change

pricing within the thirty (30) days notice. We bill $1.95 per megabyte of

disk space used by the Customer. Unique domain names(i.e. www.yourname.com)

have a $149.95 activation fee and $29.95 monthly service fee. If the

Customer's data transfer rate exceeds 500 megabytes per month, Anawave

reserves the right to bill Customer an additional $19.95 per 500 megabytes

transferred. Anawave will not, however, bill Customer without 15 days

notice. Customer will then have the option of continued service with the

transfer rate surcharge, or Customer can request that their service be

canceled.

Unless otherwise noted and agreed upon, in writing by

Anawave, Customer shall use this account to represent only one named

organization or company. Customer may not include material for, or sublease

space for any other individual, business, or organization.

Anawave will provide the hardware and system

administration necessary to provide full World Wide Web access to the

Internet community. Anawave will also provide a single & unique

Universal Resource Locator (URL) address for use by Customer to promote

Customer's page on literature and other Web servers. At Customer's request,

Anawave will assign a single domain alias to our server(s) (i.e.,

www.yourname.com) provided that the name is legally registered to and under

the control of the Customer. Customer understands that Domain Name

Registration can take 4 weeks (or more). Anawave will, however, assign a

temporary name to the Customer's pages (i.e., www.anawave.com/~yourname).

Customer agrees to pay InterNIC renewal fees (currently $50.00/year after

first two years). This fee is subject to change by the InterNIC. Customer

will have 24-hour access to their account on our server via File Transfer

Protocol (FTP). Customer understands and agrees that Anawave will make

every effort to keep our network of server(s) running continuously.

However, our server(s) will, from time to time, be disconnected due to

routine maintenance, upgrades, and other required events.

Anawave will make its best effort to keep all information

on our servers backed-up. However, we recommend that the Customer maintains

a separate back-up of any information posted to our server(s). Anawave is

not responsible for lost materials or information. Customer understands

that all technical support will be given by Anawave, at its option, in the

form of on-line information in the form of FAQ, e-mail, or fax. Anawave

will also make its best effort to maintain security on our network of

server(s). However, the nature of the Web and the Internet is not secure by

default; Customer assumes responsibility for the appropriate use of

hypertext based security within the Customer's scripts and directories.

Perl 4.0 CGI scripts are the only CGI scripts supported by Anawave. All CGI

scripts require prior approval by Anawave.

By signing this agreement, Customer releases Anawave from

any liability that may arise from any business interruption to the

Customer's business resulting from using our services. Anawave is in no way

responsible for the performance of any information posted to our network.

In addition, Customer assumes full responsibility for all content posted to

Anawave's server on Customer's behalf, including any trademark, copyright,

patent or other intellectual property submitted to Anawave for either

creative services and/or straight posting to our server(s). Anawave

reserves the right to remove any material, which, in its sole opinion, may

result in the violation of intellectual property rights of others or any

other applicable Federal, State, Common, International laws or regulations.

In the event that this contract is canceled by Anawave, the Customer will

have a pro-rated refund of any unused portion of the posting period. Domain

registration fees are non-refundable.

Customer acknowledges that these terms and conditions are

subject to change without notice. Customer continued use of AnaServe

constitutes customer acceptance of these and any and all modified

terms.

Terms read and understood

Authorized Signature and Date ___________________________________